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| 8427580183 | Osman | the founder of the Ottoman empire (1289-1923) him and his followers sought to be ghazi, and they waged many holy wars | 0 | |
| 8427580184 | Mehmed the Conqueror | conquered Constantinople in 1453, which opened up the door to Ottoman expansion. He planned to expand the empire to Europe | 1 | |
| 8427580185 | Suleyman the Magnificent | Ottoman imperialism climaxed in his reign (1520-1566). He promoted expansion and made Ottoman a major naval power | 2 | |
| 8427580186 | Shah Ismail | Took revenge on enemies of his family by claiming the Persain title "Shah" (r. 1501-1524) willing to use whatever force to switch people's religions | 3 | |
| 8427580187 | Shah Abbas | Revitalized the Safavid empire by encouraging trade (r. 1588-1629) He strengthened the military and led them to many victories. Brought northwestern Iran, Caucaus and Mesopotamia under Safavid rule | 4 | |
| 8427580188 | Babur | A Turk who claimed decent from Chinggis Khan and Tamerlagne. He wanted to build a big empire, and he did, but it was loosely constructed and administered. It was called the Mughal empire | 5 | |
| 8427580189 | Akbar | architect of Mughal empire (r. 1556-1605), built a centralized administrative structure, "laid down the law", in conquered lands, wanted reduced religious tensions and encouraged syncretic faiths | 6 | |
| 8427580190 | Aurangzeb | reached Mughal height (r 1659-1707) pushed into South India, faced rebellion because he destroyed Hindu temples to put up mosques and taxed Hindus to encourage conversion to Islam | 7 | |
| 8427580191 | Ottomans | a successful frontier state around the Mediterranean Sea, completely over Anatolia and parts of Egypt (1289-1923) | 8 | |
| 8427580192 | Safavids | a dynasty located in Iran and part of Armenia (1501-1722) | 9 | |
| 8427580193 | Mughals | a dynasty located in India, taking all but the southern tip (1526-1858) | 10 | |
| 8427580194 | Ghazi | Muslim religious warriors "the ghazi is the instrument of the religion of Allah, a servant of God who purifies the earth from the filth of polytheism..." | 11 | |
| 8427580195 | Janissaries | boys who learned Islam and became soldiers who had a reputation for loyalty to the sultan and readiness to use new military technology | 12 | |
| 8427580196 | Twelver Shiism | the religion that shah Ismail imposed; there were 12 infallible iams (religious leaders) after Muhammad that went into hiding and would come spread their religion someday | 13 | |
| 8427580197 | Qizilbash | followers of Twelver Shiism who wore red hats with 12 pleats | 14 | |
| 8427580198 | Taj Mahal | a tomb for Shan Jhan's wife and represented the Islamic judgement day, very elaborate and expensive, signifies the wealth | 15 | |
| 8427588811 | Sikhs | A significant syncretic religion that evolved in India, blending elements of Islam and Hinduism. Founded by Guru Nanak | 16 |
