AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!

Chapter 28 Protists (Supergroup) Flashcards

From Campbell Biology (9th Edition)
Five super groups and their corresponding characteristics.

Terms : Hide Images
502217854ExcavataSuper group characterized by cytoskeleton where some members have "excavated" feeding groove
502217855ExcavataSuper group contains Diplomonads, Parabasalids, Euglenozans
502217856ChromalveolataSuper group contains sub-groups alveolates and stramenopiles
502217857RhizariaSupergroup contains group Forams and Radiolarians
502217858ArchaeplastidaSupergroup contains groups red and green algae
502217859UnikontaSupergroup contains sub-group Amoebozoans
502217860Excavata / DiplomonadsGroup containing MODIFIED mitochondria called "mitosomes"
502217861Excavata / DiplomonadsGroup derives its energy anerobically, lacking electron transport chain (i.e. glycolysis)
502217862Excavata / DiplomonadsHave two equal-sized nuclei and multiple flagella
502217863ExcavataSupergroup is often parasitic (i.e. giardia intestinalis)
502217864Excavata / ParabasalidsGroup has REDUCED mitocondria called "hydrogenosomes" that generagte some energy anaerobically and release hydrogen as gas as a byproduct
502217865Excavata / ParabasalidsGroup is contains parasitic organisms such as Trichomonas baginalis - pathogen that causes yeast infections. SDT. Feeds on vaginal lining.
502217866Excavata / EuglenozoaGroup contains predatory heterotrophs, photosynthetic autotrophs, and pathogenic parasites
502217867Excavata / EuglenozoaGroup is defined as a clade due to spiral or crystalline rod within flagella
502217868Excavata / EuglenozoaGroup contains parasitic organism such as Trypanosoma (causes sleeping sickness in humans) by bite from Tsetse flye
502217869Excavata / EuglenozoaGroup contains parasitic organism such a Chasas disease - leads to CHF
502217870Excavata / EuglenozoaGroup often switch surface protiens, making it difficult for imune systems to naturally kill it.
502217871Excavata / EuglenozoaGroup contains mixotroph that contains a euglenid with a pocket from which one or two flagella emerge
502217872Excavata / EuglenozoaGroup contains organism with an eyespot - pigmented organelle and light detector
502217873Chromalveolata / AlveolatesSub group has membrane bound sacs (alveoli) just under the plasma membrade.
502217874Chromalveolata / AlveolatesSub group includes dinoflagellates, apicomplexans and ciliates
502217875Chromalveolata / Alveolates / DinoflagellatesGroup contains diverse group of aquatic mixotrophs and hetertrops
502217876Chromalveolata / Alveolates / DinoflagellatesGroup where organisms cells are reinforced by plates of cellulose
502217877Chromalveolata / Alveolates / DinoflagellatesGroup whose organisms contain two flagella between two plates of cellulose that make it spin in H2O
502217878Chromalveolata / Alveolates / DinoflagellatesGroup is an abundant component of both marine and freshwater phytoplankton
502217879Chromalveolata / Alveolates / DinoflagellatesGroup contributes to red tide (due to carotenoid pigment)
502217880Chromalveolata / Alveolates / DinoflagellatesGroup produces toxins that can kill aquatic life and can be found in mollusks
502217881Chromalveolata / Alveolates / DinoflagellatesGroup can be biolumenescent
502217882Chromalveolata / Alveolates / ApicomplexanGroup is parasitic to animals and some cause serious human diseases
502217883Chromalveolata / Alveolates / ApicomplexanGroup is spread through host by sporozites
502217884Chromalveolata / Alveolates / ApicomplexanGroup contains organismis where one end of sporizoite cell, the apex, contains a complex of organelles specialized for penetrating a host
502217885Chromalveolata / Alveolates / ApicomplexanGroup contains organisms that have sexual and asexual stages which require two or more different hosts for completion
502217886Chromalveolata / Alveolates / ApicomplexanGroup contains Plasmodium carried by anopheles mosquitoes and humans
502217887Chromalveolata / Alveolates / ApicomplexanGroup responsible for killing 2 million people through malaria each year
502217888Chromalveolata / Alveolates / ApicomplexanGroup whose surface of cells constantly change to avoid immune system
502217889Chromalveolata / Alveolates / CiliatesGroup of protists named for their use of cilia to move and feed.
502217890Chromalveolata / Alveolates / CiliatesGroup whose organism are entirely covered (or are clustered in a few rows) with cillia
502217891Chromalveolata / Alveolates / CiliatesGroup may have leg-like structures that are just many cilia bonded together
502217892Chromalveolata / Alveolates / CiliatesGroup may have two or more nuclei - one large, and one micro. Micro = conjugagtion Macro = daily function
502217893Chromalveolata / Alveolates / CiliatesGroup reproduces by binary fission, with macro nucleus disintigrating, and being reformed by micronucleus
502217894Chromalveolata / Alveolates / CiliatesGroup includes Paramecium
502217895Chromalveolata / Alveolates / Ciliates / ParameciumOrganism pumps water out of cell for mobility using contractile vacuole. Has oral groove.
502217896Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles:Clade which includes several groups of hetertrophs as well as certain groups of algae - most have a hairy AND smooth flagellum
502217897Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / DiatomsGroup containing unicellular algae with a unique two-part glass-like wall of hydrated silica (silicone dioxide)
502217898Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / DiatomsGroup with organism with two parts which fit together like a shoebox (lid and box)
502217899Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / DiatomsGroup with walls with holes provide protection from crushing predators
502217900Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / DiatomsGroup which reproduces asexually by mitosis, where daughter cell receives half of the wall from the parent, and the other half it produces itself. May also occaisionally reproduce sexually
502217901Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / DiatomsGroup is a major component of phytoplankton for both oceans and lakes and are highly diversy (over 100,000 sp)
502217902Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / DiatomsGroup stores energy in the form of a glucose polymer called laminarin or oil molecules
502217903Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / DiatomsGroup whose fossilized remains compose much of sediments known as diatomaceous earth
502217904Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Golden AlgaeGroup named for their color which results from yellow and brown cartenoids
502217905Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Golden AlgaeGroup which is biflagellated - containing both flagella near one end
502217906Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Golden AlgaeGroup which is all photo synthetic, but with some mixotrophic, and compose fresh and marine plankton
502217907Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Golden AlgaeGroup is mostly unicellular, but some members are colonial
502217908Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Golden AlgaeGroup can produce protective cysts that last for decades if environmnet deteteriorate (similar to endospores)
502217909Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Brown AlgaeGroup is multicellular, and the largest and most complex algae, most are marine
502217910Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Brown AlgaeGroup is found predominantly in temperate coasts in cooler H2O
502217911Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Brown AlgaeGroup is brown or olive color due to cartenoids, commonly called "seaweed" and kelp forests.
502217912Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Brown AlgaeGroup has the most complex multicellular anatomy of all algae
502217913Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Brown AlgaeGroup is plantlike, but lacks true root, stems and leaves, body is called a thallus.
502217914Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Brown AlgaeGroup has a root-like hold fast that anchors the stem-like stipe, which supports the blades. Is also for culinary purposes.
502217915Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / OomycetesGroup is fungus-like and includes water molds, white rusts, and downy mildews
502217916Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / OomycetesGroup contains filaments that resemble fungal hyphae
502217917Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / OomycetesGroup is a fungus due to cellulose composing cell wall instead of chiten (ch-eye-ten) :)
502217918Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / OomycetesGroup are considered decomposers or parasites with hyphae that facilitate nutrient uptake
502217919Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / OomycetesGroup includes Phythopthora, which caused potato blight - turning stalk and stems to black slime.
502217920RhizariaSupergroup includes Amoebas with thread like pseudopods
502217921RhizariaSupergroup Includes Forams and Radiolarians
502217922Rhizaria / ForamsGroup is named for porus, multichambered shells called tests
502217923Rhizaria / ForamsGroup is composed of calcium carbonate
502217924Rhizaria / ForamsGroup has organisms whose pseudopodia extend through pores in the test
502217925Rhizaria / ForamsGroup is found in fresh and marine, and attach to rock or algae, and some in plankton
502217926Rhizaria / ForamsGroup has Tests which can be found in marine sediments, and form an extensive fossil record
502217927Rhizaria / RadiolariansGroup has tests fused into one delicate piece made of silica (glass)
502217928Rhizaria / RadiolariansGroup uses pseudopodia to engulf microorganisms through phagocytosis - with web-like microtubuals (covered with cytoplasm) between microtubles.
502217929ArchaeoplastidaSupergroup includes red algae, green alagae, and land plants
502217930Archaeoplastida / Red algaeGroup which contains the pigment "phycoerythrin", which overpowers green in chlorophyll - and is darker (more intense) in deep water
502217931Archaeoplastida / Red algaeGroup with multicellular algea (largest is seaweed) found in tropics
502217932Archaeoplastida / Red algaeGroup uses alternation of generation in this algae
502217933Archaeoplastida / Red algaeGroup whose algae have no flagellated state in their life cycle unlike other algae
502217934Archaeoplastida / Red algaeGroup depends on water currents to promote fertilization of gametes
502217935Archaeoplastida / Green algaeGroup of algae named for their grass-green chloroplasts
502217936Archaeoplastida / Green algaeSub-group whose two main groops are chlorphytes and charophyceans
502217937Archaeoplastida / Green algaeGroup whose chlorophytes live in fresh water, though some live in marine
502217938Archaeoplastida / Green algaeGroup whose chlorophytes live in damp soils as symbionts in lichens or snow
502217939Archaeoplastida / Green algaeGroup containing unicellular, colonial, and multicellular chlorophytes
502217940Archaeoplastid / Green algaeGroup containing chlorophytes that have complex life cycles with both sexual and asexual reporductive stages
502217941UnikontaSupergroup closely related to fungi and animals, includes two clades - Amoebozoans and opisthokonts
502217942Unikonta / AmoebozoansSub-group with lobe or tube-shaped (rather than thread-like) pseudopodia.
502217943Unikonta / AmoebozoansSub-group inclues gymnamoebas, entamoebas and slime molds
502217944Unikonta / Amoebozoans / Slime moldsGroup with fungus-like (yellow or orange) plasmodium - one very large cell (with multiple nucleai) that extends pseudopods to obtain food by phagocytosis
502217945Unikonta / Amoebozoans / Slime molds / Cellular slime moldsGroup which has cell that feed as individuals but when food isn't available they colonize. They are also haploid organisms (only zygote is diploid)
502217946Unikonta / Amoebozoans / GymnamoebaGroup contains unicellular amoebozoan, usually found in soil, freshwater, and marine. Heterotrophic, predatory towards bacteria and other protists
502217947Unikonta / Amoebozoans / EntamoebasGroup contains parasites of vertebrates and some invertebrates.
502217948Unikonta / Amoebozoans / EntamoebasGroup cause amebic dysentary in humans - spread by H20, food, or eating utensils.

Need Help?

We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.

For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.

If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.

Need Notes?

While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!