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| 147991967 | Shah Jahan | Emperor of Mughal India who built the peacock throne, the Taj Mahal as a vast allegory symbolizing the day when Allah would cause the dead to rise. | 0 | |
| 147991968 | Taj Mahal | An allegory in stone built symbolizing the day when Allah would cause the dead to rise and undergo judgment before his heavenly throne. Also it was built as a tomb for Shah Jahan's wife, Mumtaz Mahal who died in child birth. | 1 | |
| 147991969 | Ghazi | Muslim religious warriors. Osman and his followers all sought to become ghazi. | 2 | |
| 147991970 | Janissaries | The ottoman sultan's house troops and body guards. | 3 | |
| 147991971 | Selim the Grim | - ottoman emperor and Islamic calif. | 4 | |
| 147991972 | Peacock Throne | he magnificent throne built by Shah Jahan and was second of his artistic works, behind the Taj Mahal. | 5 | |
| 147991973 | Osman Bay | ruler of the Ottoman Empire who, with all of his followers, sought to become ghazi. | 6 | |
| 147991974 | Devshirme | An Ottoman institution that helped it become more firmly established and added a professional cavalry force equippred with heavy armor and financed by land grants. They created a supremely important force composed of slave troops. Through the devshirme, the ottomans required the Christian population of the Balkans to contribute young boys to become slaves of the sultan. | 7 | |
| 147991975 | Mehmet II | Sultan of the Ottoman empire who ended the Byzantine empire and conquered Constantinople. | 8 | |
| 147991976 | Shah Ismail | Persian imperial title of shah. He was young and reigned from 1501-1524, proclaimed that the official religion of his realm would be the Twelever Shiism, and he proceeded to impose it by force when necessary upon the formerly Sunni population. Over the next decade he seized control of the Itanian plateau and launched expeditions into the Caucasus, Anatolia, Mesopotamia, and central Asia. | 9 | |
| 147991977 | Twelver Shiism | held that there were twelve infalliable imams (religious leaders) after Muhammad, beginning with the prophet's cousin and son-in-law Ali. The twelfth, "hidden", imam had gone into hiding around 874 to escape persecution but the Twelver Shiites believed he was still alive and would one day return to take power and spread his true religion. | 10 | |
| 147991978 | Babur | Zahir al-Din Muhammad, known as Barbur "the Tiger" was a Chaghatai Turk who claimed descent from both Chinggis Khan and Tamerlane, suddenly appeared in Northern India. Unlike the Ottomans, who sought to be renowned ghazis or Safavids, who acted as champions of Shiism, Babur made little pretense to be anything more than an adventurer and soldier of fortune in the manner of his illustrious ancestors. His father had been the prince of Farghana and Babur's great ambition was to transform his inheritance into a glorious central Asian empire. Yet envious relatives and Uzbek enemies frustrated his ambitions. | 11 | |
| 147991979 | Qizilbash | the military of the Safavid dynasty | 12 | |
| 147991980 | Akbar | The real architect of the Mughal empire was Babur's grandson Akbar, a brilliant and charismatic ruler. Akbar gathered the reins of power in his own hands in 1561 following an argument with Adham Khan, a ppowerful figure at the imperial court and commander of the Mughal arm. Akbar threw Adham Khan out a window, then dragged him back from t he palace courtyard, and tossed him out again to make sure he was dead. Then, he took personal control of the Mughal government and did not tolerate challenges to his rule. He created a centralized and administrative structure with ministries regulating the various provinces of his empire. His military campaigns consolidated Mughal power in Gujarat and Bengal. He also began to absorb the recently defeated Hindu kingdom of Vijayanagar, thus laying the foundation for later Mughal expansion in Southern India. | 13 | |
| 147991981 | Safavids | The family of Shah Islamil, who lived in the shrine of Safi al-Din. | 14 |
