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| 9070896130 | Watt's steam engine | The steam engine, invented by James Watt in 1765 and then improved in 1775, created enough power to move many machines. Factories and looms start to be powered by this engine. Soon many machines in the industrial revolution were powered by this steam engine. | 0 | |
| 9070896131 | Luddites | Any of a group of British workers who between 1811 and 1816 rioted and destroyed laborsaving textile machinery in the belief that such machinery would diminish employment. | 1 | |
| 9070896132 | capitalism | An economic system based on private property and free enterprise. | 2 | |
| 9070896133 | Eli Whitney | An American inventor who developed the cotton gin. Also contributed to the concept of interchangeable parts that were exactly alike and easily assembled or exchanged | 3 | |
| 9070896134 | monopolies | Corporations that gain complete control of the production of a single good or service. | 4 | |
| 9070896135 | trusts | Firms or corporations that combine for the purpose of reducing competition and controlling prices (establishing a monopoly). There are anti-trust laws to prevent these monopolies. | 5 | |
| 9070896136 | cartels | Unions of independent businesses in order to regulate production, prices, and the marketing of goods. | 6 | |
| 9070896138 | utopian socialists | Early nineteenth-century socialists who hoped to replace the overly competitive capitalist structure with planned communities guided by a spirit of cooperation. Leading French utopian socialists such as Charles Fourier and Louis Blanc believed that property should be communally owned. | 7 | |
| 9070896141 | factory system | A method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building | 8 | |
| 9070896142 | Adam Smith | (1723-1790) Scottish philosophe who formulated laws that governed the economy to benefit human society | 9 | |
| 9070896143 | Josiah Wedgwood | English industrialist whose pottery works were the first to produce fine-quality pottery by industrial methods. | 10 | |
| 9070896144 | corporation | A business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts | 11 | |
| 9070896145 | Crystal Palace Exhibition | Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations, opened in London's Crystal Palace in 1851 | 12 | |
| 9070896146 | Thomas Malthus | ..., Eighteenth-century English intellectual who warned that population growth threatened future generations because, in his view, population growth would always outstrip increases in agricultural production. | 13 | |
| 9070896147 | The Communist Manifesto | A book written by Karl Marx. It suggested that there would be a social revolution in which the proletariat (working class) would overthrow the bourgeoisie (middle class factory owners) and then set up a classless, socialist community. This book was the blueprint for communist governments around the world. | 14 | |
| 9070896148 | zaibatsu | The large family-controlled banking and industrial groups that owned many companies in Japan before World War II. | 15 | |
| 9070923506 | Golondrinas | "swallows"; relates to the Italian workers that settled permanently in Latin America; they regularly migrated between Europe and South America to take advantage of different growing seasons in the northern and southern hemispheres | 16 | |
| 9070926370 | Henry Ford | 1863-1947. American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents. | 17 | |
| 9070926371 | Robert Owen | utopian socialist and successful businessman who transformed a squalid Scottish cotton mill town called New Lanark into a model industrial community. At New Lanark, Owen raised wages and made work a much more hospitable environment for employees. His indictment of competitive capitalism, stress on cooperative control of industry, and his advocacy of improved educational standards for children left a lasting imprint on the socialist tradition. | 18 | |
| 9070927445 | George Stephenson | self educated Englishman - built the first steam powered locomotive; his refinements of locomotive technology, application of civil engineering, and his vision of the future of railway systems earned nickname "Father of the Railways" | 19 | |
| 9070928475 | Henry Bessemer | built a refined blast furnace known as the Bessemer converter - made it possible to produce steel cheaply/in large quantities | 20 | |
| 9070928476 | James Watt | an instrument maker at the University of Glasgow in Scotland, he developed a general-purpose steam engine in 1765 | 21 | |
| 9070929455 | Karl Marx | May 5, 1818-March 14, 1883 A German philosopher, economist, sociologist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist whose ideas played a significant role in the establishment of the social sciences and the development of the socialist movement | 22 | |
| 9070930425 | Otto von Bismarck | Chancellor of Prussia from 1862 until 1871, when he became chancellor of Germany. A conservative nationalist, he led Prussia to victory against Austria (1866) and France (1870) and was responsible for the creation of the German Empire (714) | 23 | |
| 9070931934 | Abraham Darby | Invented coke smelting (1709) and advanced the mass production of brass and iron goods. Coke smelting replaced charcoal with coal in metal foundries during the process of refining metals; and this was important to Britain's future since charcoal at that time was becoming scarce and was more expensive. | 24 | |
| 9070937736 | Edmund Cartwright | a clergyman responsible for creating a water-driven power loom that inaugurated an era of mechanical weaving | 25 |
