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| 676720660 | Progressive Movement | reform effort, generally centered in urban areas and begun in the early 1900s, whose aims included returning control of the government to the people, restoring economic opportunities, and correcting injustices in American life. | |
| 676720661 | How the Other Half Lives | a book by John Riis that told the public about the lives of the immigrants and those who live in the tenements | |
| 676720662 | muckraker | The term Muckrakers was given by Roosevelt and refers to reform-minded journalists who wrote for popular magazine after 1900 until WWI. The muckrakers wanted to expose the dirty things that were going on behind big business. After they wrote The Jungle in 1906, Upton Sinclair affected the passing of the Meat Inspection Act. p 384 | |
| 676720663 | Lincoln Steffans | Muckraker and managing editor of McClure's magazine; he exposed government corruption in his 1904 book, The Shame of the Cities. | |
| 676720664 | Ida Tarbell | muckraker who targeted the unfair practices of big business. Her articles about the standard oil company led to demands for tighter controls on trust. | |
| 676720665 | David G. Phillips | Wrote a series in Cosmopolitan titled "The Treason of the Senate" which boldly charged that 75 of the 90 senators represented the railroads and trusts, not the people. His indictment impressed President Roosevelt. He continued his writing until he was killed in 1911. | |
| 676720666 | Ray Stannard Baker | Following the Color Line (1908) was a series spotlighting the plight of 9 million blacks—of whom 90 percent still lived in the South and one-third were illiterate. | |
| 676720667 | John Spargo | The Bitter Cry of the Children,Journalist and novelist, he wrote of the unfair treatment of children used as child labor. Stressed better education, better schools and teachers. A muckraker novel. | |
| 676720668 | Initiative | allowed all citizens to introduce a bill into the legislative and required members to take a vote on it | |
| 676720669 | Referendum | The name given to the political process in which the general public votes on an issue of public concern. | |
| 676720670 | Recall | the act of removing an official by petition | |
| 676720671 | 17th amendment | Passed in 1913, this amendment to the Constitution calls for the direct election of senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures. | |
| 676720672 | woman's suffrage | woman's right to vote | |
| 676720673 | Galveston, Texas | 1901- appointed expert-staffed commissions to manage urban affairs. (City-manager system). They were frustrated by the inefficiency and corruption of machine-oiled city government. | |
| 676720674 | Wisconsin Plan | Robert La Follette who is a reformer and a republican who will fight and win the republican machine. Ends up being governor of Wisconsin. Bob supports direct election of senators, use of primaries, and restrictions on lobbyists. (Wanted to make Government less corrupt) | |
| 676720675 | Women's Club Movement | gave a broad civic entry to middle-class women; literary clubs that educated women in "poem and prose" but eventually became a meeting hall for social issues and current events | |
| 676720676 | Separate Spheres | Nineteenth-century idea in Western societies that men and women, especially of the middle class, should have different roles in society: women as wives, mothers, and homemakers; men as breadwinners and participants in business and politics | |
| 676720677 | Children's Bureau | An agency created during Taft's administration to protect the rights of children | |
| 676720678 | Women's Bureau | Emerged after the war in the Department of Labor to protect women in the workplace. | |
| 676720679 | National Consumer's League | Organization for female activists that ensured safe food products for family consumption. | |
| 676720680 | Muller v. Oregon | 1908 - Supreme Court upheld Oregon state restrictions on the working hours of women as justified by the special state interest in protecting women's health | |
| 676720681 | Lochner v. New York | overturns new york law setting 8 hr maximum working hours for bakery workers- 1905 | |
| 676720682 | Triangle Shirtwaist Fire | a fire in New York's Triangle Shirtwaist Company in 1911 killed 146 people, mostly women. They died because the doors were locked and the windows were too high for them to get to the ground. Dramatized the poor working conditions and let to federal regulations to protect workers. | |
| 676720683 | Women's Christian Temperance Union | This organization was dedicated to the idea of the 18th Amendment - the Amendment that banned the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcohol. | |
| 676720684 | Roosevelt's Square Deal | Includes the various progressive reforms sponsored by the Roosevelt Administration. Conservation, Trust-busting, and Labor policies. | |
| 676720685 | Anthracite Coal Strike | 1902 United Mine Workers of America strike in eastern Pennsylvania which threatened to cause an energy crisis requiring the federal government to intervene on the side of labor (first time) | |
| 676720686 | Elkins Act | (1903) gave the Interstate Commerce Commission more power to control railroads from giving preferences to certain customers | |
| 676720687 | Hepburn Act | This 1906 law used the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate the maximum charge that railroads to place on shipping goods. | |
| 676720688 | Northern Securities Trust | (ROOSEVELT) The Northern Securities Company was a holding company in 1902. The company was forced to dissolve after they were challenged by Roosevelt, his first trust-bust. | |
| 676720689 | Northern Securities Supreme court case | Roosevelt's legal attack on the Northern Securities Company, which was a railroad holding company owned by James Hill and J.P. Morgan. In the end, the company was "trust-busted" and paved the way for future trust-busts of bad trusts. | |
| 676720690 | Upton Sinclair | muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen. | |
| 676720691 | The Jungle | Muckraking book by Upton Sinclair that detailed the gross innards of the meatpacking industry | |
| 676720692 | Meat Inspection Act | Law that authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to order meat inspections and condemn any meat product found unfit for human consumption. | |
| 676720693 | Pure Food and Drug Act | the act that prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure of falsely labeled food and drugs | |
| 676720694 | Desert Land Act of 1877 | Earth conservation act: government sold arid land cheaply on the condition that the purchaser irrigate the soil within three years | |
| 676720695 | Forest Reserve Act of 1891 | Authorized the President to set aside public forests as national parks and other reserves | |
| 676720696 | The Carey Act of 1894 | This act distributed federal land to the states under the condition that it be irrigated and settled (date) | |
| 676720697 | Newlands Act of 1902 | Authorized Washington to collect money from the sae of public lands in the Western states, using funds for the development of irrigation projects | |
| 676720698 | Roosevelt Dam | built on the Arizona River; conservation project | |
| 676720699 | Boy Scouts of America | outdoor youth organization formed partly as a response to growing desire for conservationism | |
| 676720700 | The Sierra Club | John Miur, political group that lobbies and tries to get environmental laws passed | |
| 676720701 | Jack London | a naturalist who achieved a degree of popular success with his adventure stories The Call of the Wild (1903) and The Sea Wolf (1904) celebrating the triumph of brute force and the will to survive. He believed in Friedrich Nietzsche's doctrine of the superman | |
| 676720702 | Gifford Pinchot | head of the U.S. Forest Servic under Roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while conserving them | |
| 676720703 | Bureau of Reclamation | a federal agency established in 1902 providing public funds for irrigation projects in arid regions | |
| 676720704 | Panic of 1907 | A serious recession, proved the govt. still had little control over the industrial economy. Conservatives blamed Roosevelt's mad economic policies for the disaster, and the president disagreed, but acted quickly to reassure business leaders that he wouldn't interfere with their private recovery efforts. | |
| 676720705 | Aldrich-Vreeland Act of 1908 | Authorized national banks to issue emergency currency backed by various kinds of collateral, response to the "Roosevelt panic" of 1907, smoothed for the Federal Reserve Act f 1913 | |
| 676720706 | Roosevelt's opinion of Taft | TR disliked Taft because Taft was far more conservative than TR was. TR hand-picked Taft to be his successor and to carry on his Progressive policies. | |
| 676720707 | Dollar Diplomacy | Foriegn Policy idea by Taft to make countries dependant on the U.S. by heavily investing in their economies | |
| 676720708 | Taft and Manchuria | Taft put his new policy to the test in Manchuria, where he offered to purchase and develop the Manchurian Railway to prevent Russia and Japan from seizing control of it and colonizing the region. | |
| 676720709 | Taft and United States Steel | Taft's efforts included one suit against the country's largest corporation, U.S. Steel, for the acquisition of a Tennessee company during Roosevelt's tenure. | |
| 676720710 | Taft Trust Buster | used government power to break up monopolies. During the 4-year Taft administration, the government brought 90 antitrust lawsuits. During the 7 ½ years Roosevelt administration there were 44. | |
| 676720711 | Payne-Aldrich Bill | A bill that added hundreds of higher tariff revisions. Signed by Taft which went against his campaign promises and upset the progressives | |
| 676720712 | Pinchot-Ballinger conflict | Ballinger allowed private companies to destroy reserved lands. Pinchot attacked him for it. Ballinger resigned and Pinchot was fired by Tafft. This contributed to the splitting of the Rep. party, causing Tafft to lose in 1912 and break friendship between him and Roosevelt. | |
| 676720713 | National Progressive Republican League | Formed in 1911, this organization proffered Wisconsin's La Follette as its leading candidate for Republican nomination. However, Roosevelt was so angered by Taft's policies that he essentially broke his two-term pledge, shoved La Follette out of the way, and took the nomination. |
