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| 374876653 | New Imperialism | Historians' term for the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century wave of conquest by European powers, United States, and Japan, which were followed by the development and exploitation of the newly conquered territories. They used industrial technology to impose their will on the non industrialized parts of the world. | 0 | |
| 374876654 | Mary Slessor | A British missionary who lived for forty years among the people of southeastern Nigeria. She campaigned against slavery, human sacrifice, and the killing of twins, and generally for women's rights. | 1 | |
| 374876655 | Quinine | A drug discovered in 1854 by a British doctor that if taken regularly during one's stay in Africa could prevent disease. | 2 | |
| 374876656 | Battle of Omdurman (1889) | British victory over the Mahdi in the Sudan in 1898. General Kitchener led a mixed force of British and Egyptian troops armed with rapid-firing rifles and machine guns. The Sudanese attacked an Anglo-Egyptian expedition that had came up the Nile on six steamers and four other boats. the sudanese were equipped with muskets and spears. 11,000 Sudanese and 48 British died. It represented the strength of the Europeans and their advanced technology compared to others'. | 3 | |
| 374876657 | General Charles Gordon | was commissioned in the British army in 1852, and then served in the Crimean War after Britain entered on the side of the Ottomans. He stayed in China, and was seconded to the Qing imperial government until the suppression of the Taipings in 1864, earning him the nickname "Chinese" Gordon. | 4 | |
| 374876658 | General Horatio Kitchener | British general in charge of the Anglo-Egyptian troops in the Battle of Omdurman. His troops had twenty machine guns and four artillery pieces. | 5 | |
| 374876659 | Colonialism | Policy by which a nation administers a foreign territory and develops its resources for the benefit of the colonial power. It applied modern scientific and industrial methods to the colonies and transformed Asian and African societies and landscapes that has continued to our day. | 6 | |
| 374876660 | "scramble" for Africa | Sudden wave of conquests in Africa by European powers in the 1880s and 1890s. Africa was invaded and divided among the European powers. Britain obtained most of eastern Africa, France most of northwestern Africa. Other countries (Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, and Spain) acquired lesser amounts. | 7 | |
| 374876661 | Khedives | rulers of Egypt | 8 | |
| 374876662 | Khedive Ismail | the Khedive of Egypt that had invited all the Christian princes of Europe and all the muslim princes of Asia and Africa, except the Ottoman sultan, his normal overlord. He wanted to show that Egypt was not only independent but an equal of the great powers. He used the occasion to emphasize the harmony and cooperation between the peoples of Africa, Asia, and Europe. He tried to make egypt the center of an empire reaching south into the Sudan and Ethiopia. | 9 | |
| 374876663 | Arabi Pasha | Egyptian army colonel who lead an uprising against the foreign intervention in Egypt and threatened the Suez Canal. They were upset that the French and British persuaded the Ottoman sultan to dispose Ismail. The Europeans also appointed a Frenchman as minister of public works and a Briton as minister of finance. | 10 | |
| 374876664 | King Leopold II | King of Belgium (r. 1865-1909). He was active in encouraging the exploration of Central Africa and became the ruler of Congo Free State. He first invested his personal money in "opening up" equatorial Africa. With the money Henry Morton Stanley, established trading posts along the southern bank of the Congo River. | 11 | |
| 374876665 | Savorgnan de Brazza | was a Franco-Italian explorer who opened up for France entry along the right bank of the Congo River that eventually led to French colonies in Central Africa | 12 | |
| 374876666 | Berlin Conference | Conference that German chancellor Otto von Bismarck called to set rules for the partition of Africa between 1884 to 1885. It led to the creation of the Congo Free State under Leopold II of Belgium. The major powers agreed that henceforth "effective occupation" would replace the former trading relations between African and Europeans. This meant that every country with colonial ambitions had to send troops into africa and participate in the division of the spoils. | 13 | |
| 374876667 | Congo Free State | reward Leopold II got for triggering the "scramble' for Africa. He acquired a personal domain under this name while France and Portugal took most of the rest of equatorial Africa. It was later accused of using a form of slavery to get the inhabitants to produce crops. the British convinced the Belgian government to take over Leopold's private empire in 1908. Transvaal and Orange Free State- The two Afrikaner republics that Britain attempted to annex. this lead to the South African War. Even though the Afrikaners had the advantage, they lost in 1902. | 14 | |
| 374876668 | De Beers | A company that dominated the world's diamond trade ever since Rhodes founded it in the Kimberley diamond field. | 15 | |
| 374876669 | Cecil Rhodes | British entrepreneur and politician involved in the expansion of the British Empire from South Africa into Central Africa. The colonies of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) were named after him. His ambition lead to the British invasion of South Africa. He declared that he would "annex the stars" if he could. | 16 | |
| 374876670 | Rhodesia | The two colonies that Cecil Rhodes named after himself. | 17 | |
| 374876671 | Cape Coloureds | People of mixed ancestry in South Africa. The Indian, Africans, and them made the majority of the population in South Africa. | 18 | |
| 374876672 | Natives Land Act | Act passed by the South African parliament in 1913 that assigned Africans to reservations and forbidding them to own land elsewhere. This and other racial politics turned South Africa into land of segregation, oppression, and bitter divisions. | 19 | |
| 374876673 | Asante | African kingdom on the gold coast that expanded rapidly after 1680. It participated in the Atlantic economy, trading gold, slaves, and ivory. It resisted British imperial ambitions for a quarter century before being absorbed into Britain's Gold Coast colony in 1902. It rose up three times before it was finally overwhelmed. | 20 | |
| 374876674 | Emperor Menelik | Emperor of Ethiopia (r. 1889-1911). He enlarged Ethiopia to its present dimensions and defeated an Italian Revolution. When he first came to power, Ethiopia was threatened by Sudanese Muslims to the west and by France and Italy in the east. Ethiopia has been purchasing guns for many years and when the Italians and other forces tried to attacked them, they were met with a strong military with thousands of guns. | 21 | |
| 374876675 | Battle of Adowa 1896 | Battle in Ethiopia where Italy sent twenty thousand troops to attack Ethiopia and were defeated by a larger and better-trained Ethiopian army. | 22 | |
| 374876676 | Samuel Ajayi Crowther | A Yoruba rescued from slavery as a boy and educated in mission schools in Sierra Leone He went on to become an Anglican minister and in 1864 the first African bishop. He thought that Africa needed European assistance in achieving both spiritual and economic development. | 23 | |
| 374876677 | Siam | Modern Thailand that remained independent during the Imperialism although it lost several border provinces. It was the only part of the Dutch East Indies company that wasn't conquered. | 24 | |
| 374876678 | Manioc | ... | 25 | |
| 374876679 | Pearl Harbor | A coaling and naval station in Hawaii that the United States secured in 1887 for the purpose. | 26 | |
| 374876680 | Cinchona | An antimalarial drug that was originally brought to Europe from the Americas, but later came from Southeast asia and Indonesia due to imperialism. | 27 | |
| 374876681 | Emilio Aguinaldo | Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1889, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901. He was the leader of a secret society that rose in revolt and proclaimed a republic in 1898. They had a good chance of winning because Spain had its hands full with a revolution in Cuba. United States then bought the Philippines for $20 million dollars. The US decided that their global interest outweighed the interest of the Filipino people and destroyed the independence movement. | 28 | |
| 374876682 | "reconcentration camps" | Camps that the U.S. army forced the inhabitants of the rebel areas to go to. The army tortured prisoners and burnt villages and crops. | 29 | |
| 374876683 | Free-trade imperialism | Economic dominance of a weaker country by a more powerful one, while maintaining the legal independence of the weaker state. In the late nineteenth century, this characterized the relations between Latin American republics, on the one hand, and Great Britain and the United States, on the other. | 30 | |
| 374876684 | Jose Marti | A Cuban nationalist who started a revolution against Spanish rule in 1895. Americans were thrilled at this and newspapers thrilled readers with lurid stories of Spanish atrocities, businessmen worried about their investments and politicians demanded that the U.S. government help liberate Cuba. | 31 | |
| 374876685 | U.S. Battleship Maine | A U.S. battleship that accidentally blew up in Havanna harbor killing 266 American sailors on February 15, 1898. The United States government immediately blamed Spain and issued an ultimatum that the Spanish evacuate Cuba. | 32 | |
| 374876686 | Spanish- American War | War between Spain and America where on May 1, 1898 Us warships destroyed the Spanish fleet at Manila in the Philippines. Two months after, the US Navy sank the Spanish Atlantic fleet off Santiago, Cuba. The United States quickly won and took over Puerto Rico and Guam and purchased the Philippines. Cuba became an independent republic, subject, however, to intense interference by the US. | 33 | |
| 374876687 | Platt amendment | Amendment Cuba had to accept since the United States "liberated' it from Spain. The amendment gave the United States the "right to intervene" to maintain order on the island. the US used this excuse to occupy cuba militarily from 1906-1909, in 1912, and again from 1917-1922. | 34 | |
| 374876688 | Panama Canal | Ship canal cut across the isthmus of Panama by the United States Army engineers; it opened in 1915. It greatly shortened the sea voyage between the east and west coasts of North america. The United States turned the canal over to Panama on January 1, 2000. | 35 | |
| 374876689 | Jute | A product of agriculture used for bags that were important in the trade for raw materials. | 36 | |
| 374876690 | Gutta-percha | Wild forest product used to insulate electric cables. It came to be cultivated during the imperialism. | 37 |
