Mr. Guy's Class
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| One of the new monarchs, this English king managed to consolidate a lot of the power in his country for the king. He first won the War of the Roses, fighting Richard III, of the York family, and thus won the crown. He married Elizabeth of York, and secured a hereditary monarchy, so that his son and two of his grand-daughters all ruled, without war to determine who would inherit the crown. He also began the Cabot Voyages to America in 1497, 1498 |  | |
| (1491-1547) King of England from 1509 to 1547; his desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England's break with the Roman Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism. Henry established the Church of England in 1532. Also, the religious balace of power sea-sawed. |  | |
| result of the disagreement between Henry VIII and the Pope, created the Church of England or Anglican Church which was separate from the Catholic Church, still left little room for religious freedom. Also, Catholics battled Protestants for decades, and the religious balance of power was always in conflict. When Protestant Elizabeth I ascended to the throne in 1558, Protestantism became dominant in England, and rivalry with Catholic Spain Intensified. There also began a huge conflict in Ireland. |  | |
| (1533-1603). Altough accused of being vain, fickle, prejudiced, and miserly, she proved to be an unusually successful ruler. She never married, although various royal matches were pojected. She led the English fleet to a huge victory over the Spanish Armada. She also knighted Francis Drake on his ship after he had plundered much Spanish booty. |  | |
| the Spanish fleet that attempted to invade England, ending in disaster, due to the raging storm in the English Channel as well as the smaller and better English navy led by Francis Drake. This is viewed as the decline of Spains Golden Age, and the rise of England as a world naval power. This opened the door for British to cross the Atlantic. They swarmed to America and took over the lead in colonization ad power. Victory also fueled England to new heights. |  | |
| In the ever-green English countryside, landwords were more and more wanting for croplands for sheep grazing, forcing many small farmers into precarious tenancy of off the land altogether. When economic depression hit the wollen trade in the late 1500s, thousands of footloose farmers took to the roads. They drifted about England chronically unemployed, often ending up as beggars and paupers in cities like Bristol and London. This may have also led to indentured servitude. |  | |
| by the 1600s this was perfected (investors put money into this with hopes for a good return, being a forerunner of today's corporations. These also provided the financial means for English colonization. |  | |
| A joint-stock company: based in Virginia in 1607: founded to find gold and a water way to the Indies: confirmed all Englishmen that they would have the same life in the New World. as they had i Egland, with the same rights: 3 of thier ships transported the people that would found Jamestown in 1607. |  | |
| In 1607,Virginia became the first English colony in America, vaguely named after Elizabeth I, the "virgin" queen. |  | |
| An English adventurer and writer, who was prominent at the court of Queen Elizabeth I, and became an explorer of the Americas. In 1585, Raleigh sponsored the fist English colony in America on Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina. It failed and is kown as "the Lost Colony" |  | |
| On May 24, 1607, about 100 English settlers disembarked from their ship and founded this place. Forty colonists had perished during the voyage. Problems emerged including (a) the swampy site of Jamestown meant poor drinking water and mosquitoes causing malaria and yellow fever. (be) men wasted time looking for gold rather than doing useful tasks (digging wells, building shelter, planting crops), (c) there were zero women on the initial ship. It didn't help that a supply ship shipwrecked in the Bahamas in 1609 either. |  | |
| succeeded Elizabeth I, persecuted the Puritans, led to many moving to america. As time passed, he grew increasingly hostile to Virginia. He detested tobacco, and he distrusted the representative House of Burgesses, which he branded a "seminary of sedition". In 1624, he revoked the chrter of the bankrupt and beleaguered Virginia Company, thus making Virginia a royal colony directly under his control. |  | |
| In 1608 he took over control of Jamestown and whipped the colonists into shape. At one point, he was kidnapped by local Indians and forced into a mock execution by the chief Powhatan and had been "saved" by Powhatan's daughter, Pocahontas. The act was meant to show that Powhatan wanted peaceful relations with the colonists. His main contribution was the he gave order and discipline ("He who does not work will not eat"), highlited by this policy. |  | |
| A native Indian of America, daughter of Chief Powahatan, who was one of the first to marry an Englishman, John Rolfe, and returned to England with him; about 1595-1617; Pocahontas' brave actions in marrying and "saving" an Englishman paved the way for many positive English and Native relations. |  | |
| He was an Englishman who became a colonist in the early settlement of Virginia. He is best known as the man who married the Native American, Pocohonats and took her to his homeland of England. He was also the savior of the Virginia colony by perfecting the tobacco industry in North America. He died in 1622, during one of the many Indian attacks on the colony. |  | |
| The organization of Powhatan Tribes led by Chief Powhatan. Jamestown colonists traded with these natives. |  | |
| Representative self-government was also born in primitive Virginia, in the same cradle with slavery and in the same year--1619. the London Company authorized the settlers to summon an assembly, known as the____________. A momentous precedent was thus feebly established, for this assemblage was the first of many miniature parliaments to flourish in the soil of America. |  | |
| The year before the Plymouth Pilgrims landed in New England, what was described as a Dutch warship appeared off Jamestown and sold some twenty Africans. The scanty record does not reveal whether they were purchased as lifelong saves or as servants committed to limited years of servitude. This transaction planted the seeds of the North American Slave System. Representative government was also born this same year, authorizing the House of Burgesses. |  | |
| Colonies controlled by the British king through governors appointed by him and through the king's veto power over colonial laws. James I started this. |  | |
| title was Lord Baltimore; founded Maryland as a haven for persecuted Roman Catholics. He gave huge estates to his Catholic relaties, but the poorer people who settled there were Protestant, creating friction. |  | |
| Founded the colony of Maryland and offered religious freedom to all Christian colonists. He did so because he knew that members of his own religion (Catholicism) would be a minority in the colony. |  | |
| Marylands statute that guaranteed religious toleration to all Christians, but decreed the death penalty to Jews and atheists and others who didn't believe in the diinity of Jesus Christ. |  | |
| . In 1725, 90% of the population of this island were black slaves. England secured its claim on this Island by 1655 for sugar cane production. this Island was a major producer |  | |
| "A rich man's crop". Had to be milled from Sugar Cane, it's raw form, ruled the West Indies by the seventeenth century. |  | |
| "If any Negro or slave whatsoever shall offer any violence to any Christian by striking or the like, such a Negro or slave shall for his or her first offence be severly whipped by the Constable. For his second offence of that nature he shall be severly whipped, his nose slit, and be burned in some part of his face with ahot iron. And being brutish slaves, they deserve not, for the baseness of thier condition to be tried by the legal trial of twelve men of thier peers, as the subjects of England are. And it is further enacted and ordained that if any Negro or other slave under punishment by his master unfortunately shall suffer in life or member, which seldom happens, no person whatsoever shall be liable to any fine therefore." | ||
| The conflict between King Charles and Parliament that ocurred after Parliament passed laws to limit royal power. Those who remained loyal to Charles were called Royalists or Cavaliers, while the opposers were called puritans. Charles ended up being executed. Oliver Cromwell, who led the victory, reigned as king for 10 years until he was booted off the throne and replaced by Charles II, beginning what would be known as the Restoration. |  | |
| King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625-1649). His power struggles with Parliament resulted in the English Civil War (1642-1648) in which he was defeated. He was tried for treason and beheaded in 1649 by Oliver Cromwell |  | |
| reclaimed throne and reigned during the restoration ; gave land grants to loyal subjects; added carolina, new york, new jersey and pennslyvania |  | |
| When Charles II came to the throne, he sent eight of his Court favorites, his __. He sent them to America in 1670 to form the colony Carolina (named after Charles). These men were aristocratic founders, starting an era of royal involvment in America. Their goal in Carolina was to grow foodstuffs to provide the sugar plantations in Barbados (an island too small to grow food and their cash crop) and to export non-English products like wine, silk, and olive oil. |  | |
| After much experimentation, this crop emerged as the principal export crop in Carolina. It was then an exotic food in England; none of this crop was sent to London in the first supply ships to Carolina, but it was grown in Africca and the Carolinians were soon paying premium prices for West African slaves experienced in this crops complex cultivation |  | |
| The busiest seaport in the south, had a lot of religious toleration. Named after the king. Many high-spirited sons of English landed families cames to this area and gave it a rich aristocratic flavor. The village became a colorfully diverse community , to which French Protestat refugees and others were attracted by religious toleration. |  | |
| A tribe of Indians that decided to end their alliance wit the Carolinians and to migrate to the back country of Maryland and Pennsylvania, where a new colony founded by Quakers under William Penn promised better relations between whites and Indians. But the Carolinians determined to "thin" the Savannahs before they could depart. A series of bloody raids all but annihilated the Indian tribes of coastal Carolina by 1710. | ||
| Founder of Georgia in 1733; soldier, statesman, philanthropist. Started Georgia as a haven for people i debt because of his interest in prison reform. Almost single-handedly kept Georgia afloat. |  | |
| A king of Britain who knew little of the workings of the British government and relied on Walpole and Pitt the Elder |  | |
| A Christian who enjoyed religious toleration, and a missionary who came to try to convert the Indians. He later returned to England and founded Methodism. |  | |
| English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preache a doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania |  | |
| A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution. |  | |
| Nearly a military power consisting of Mohawks, Oneidas, Cayugas, and Senecas. It was founded i the late 1500s. The leaders were Degana Widah and Hiawatha. The Indians lived in long houses with relatives. Men dominated, but a person's background was determined by the women's family. Different groups banded together but were separate fur traders ad fur suppliers. Other groups joined; they would ally with either the French or the English depending on which would be the most to their advantage. |  | |
| The federation of tribes occupying northern New York: the Mohawk, the Oneida, the Senecca, the Onondaga, and the Cayuga. The federation was also known as the "Iriquois," or the League of Five Nations, although in about 1720 the Tuscarora tribe was added as a sixth member. It was the most powerful and efficient North American Indian organization during the 1700s. Some of the ideas from its constitution were used in the Constitution of the United States. |  | |
| Look at pg. 37 | ||
| A condition in which Englishmen who were outcasts of thier country, would work i the Americas for a certain amount of time as servants in order to repay the money that it took for them to get to America. |  | |
| An Enhlishman who came to America in 1610. He broutht the Indians in the Jameston area to a declaration of war from the Virginia Company. This began the four year Anglo-Powhatan War. He also brought i "Irish tactics" to use in battle with the Indians, which included night raids and burning down their houses. |
