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| 114598362 | Qin Dynasty (221-202 BCE) | established in 221 BCE at the end of the Warring States period following the decline of the Zhou Dynasty; fell in 207 BCE | 0 | |
| 114598363 | Laozi | probably lived during the 5th century; furthered Daoism; stressed that nature contains a divine impulse that directs all life | 1 | |
| 114598364 | Zhou Dynasty (1029-258 BCE) | originally a vassal family of Shang China; possibly Turkic in origin; overthrew the Shang and established second historical Chinese dynasty that flourished 1122 to 256 BCE | 2 | |
| 114598365 | Shi Huangdi | founder of the brief Qin dynasty in 221 BCE | 3 | |
| 114598366 | Great Wall | Chinese defensive fortification intended to keep out the nomadic invaders from the north; initiated during Qin dynasty and reign of Shi Huangdi | 4 | |
| 114598367 | Han Dynasty (202 BCE- 220 CE) | Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Qin in 202 BCE; ruled for next 400 years | 5 | |
| 114598368 | "mean people" | people of the lowest status; did unskilled jobs; wore a green scarf to show their status; punished harsher for crimes | 6 | |
| 114598369 | Daoism | Philosophy associated with Laozi; stressed need for alignment with Dao, or cosmic force | 7 | |
| 114598370 | Silk Roads | The most famous of the trading routes established by pastoral nomads connecting the Chinese, Indian, Persian, and Mediterranean civilizations; transmitted goods and ideas among civilizations | 8 | |
| 114598371 | dynasty | a family of kings | 9 | |
| 114598372 | Analects | a book that compiled Confucian doctrine | 10 | |
| 114598373 | Five Classics | written during the early part of the Zhou dynasty and edited during the time of Confucius; provided an important tradition; used as a basis for civil service examinations; included some historical treatises, speeches, and other political material, a discussion of etiquette and ceremonies, and in the Classic of Songs , over 300 poems dealing with love, joy, politics, and family life | 11 | |
| 114598374 | Legalists | sprang up during the Qin and early Han periods; people who did not believe in Confucianism; they believed that human nature was evil and required restraint and discipline | 12 | |
| 114598375 | Wu Ti | (140- 87 BCE) most famous Han ruler; enforced peace throughout much of the continent of Asia, rather like the peace the Roman Empire would bring to the Mediterranean region a hundred years later, but embracing even more territory and a far larger population; urged support for Confucianism | 13 | |
| 114598376 | mandarin | standard spoken language that prevailed over the entire Middle Kingdom; The Zhou promoted linguistic unity which began Mandarin | 14 | |
| 114598377 | Confucius (Kung Fuzi) | A Chinese philosopher of the 6th century BCE; the founder of Confucianism; his teachings have come down to us as a collection of short sayings compiled in Analects | 15 | |
| 114598378 | Dao | way to relate to harmony, avoiding excess and appreciating the balance of opposites | 16 | |
| 114598379 | calligraphy | important art form in China since artistic styles often reflected the precision and geometric qualities of the many symbols of Chinese writing | 17 |
