Vocabulary words.
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| 4928086086 | Biological Psychology (biopsychology or psychobiology.) | Specialized branch of psychology that studies the relationship between behavior and bodily processes and systems. | 0 | |
| 4928086087 | Neuroscience | The study of the nervous system, especially the brain. | 1 | |
| 4928086088 | Neuron | Highly specialized cell that communicates information in electrical and chemical form. | 2 | |
| 4928086089 | Glial Cell | Support cells that assist neurons by providing structural support, nutrition, and removal of cell wastes; manufacture myelin. | 3 | |
| 4928086090 | Sensory Neuron | Type of neuron that conveys information to the brain form specialized receptor cells in sense organs and internal organs. | 4 | |
| 4928086091 | Motor Neuron | Type of neuron that signals muscles to relax or contract. | 5 | |
| 4928086092 | Interneuron Neuron | Type of neuron that communicates information from one neuron to the next | 6 | |
| 4928086093 | Cell Body (soma) | Processes nutrients and provides energy for the neuron to function. | 7 | |
| 4928086094 | Dendrites | Multiple short fibers that extend form the neuron's cell body and receive information from other neurons or from sensory receptor cells. | 8 | |
| 4928086095 | Axon | The long, fluid-filled tube that carries a neuron's messages to other body areas. | 9 | |
| 4928086096 | Myelin Sheath | A white, fatty covering wrapped around the axons of some neurons that increases their communication speed. | 10 | |
| 4928086097 | Action Potential | A brief electrical impulse by which information is transmitted along the axon of a neuron. | 11 | |
| 4928086098 | Stimulus Threshold | The minimum level of stimulation required to activate a particular neuron. | 12 | |
| 4928086099 | Resting Potential | State in which a neuron is prepared to activate and communicate its message if it receives sufficient stimulation. | 13 | |
| 4928086100 | all-or-none law | the principle that either a neuron is sufficiently stimulated and an action potential occurs or a neuron is not sufficiently stimulated and an action potential does not occur. | 14 | |
| 4928086101 | Synapse | The point of communication between two neurons. | 15 | |
| 4928086102 | Synaptic Gap | The tiny space between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of an adjoining neuron. | 16 | |
| 4928086103 | Axon Terminal | Branches at the end of the axon that contain tiny pouches, or sacs. | 17 | |
| 4928086104 | Synaptic Vesicles | Tiny pouches or sacs in the axon terminals that contain chemicals called neurotransmitters. | 18 | |
| 4928086105 | Neurotransmitters | Chemical messengers manufactured by a neuron. | 19 | |
| 4928086106 | Synaptic Transmission | The process through which neurotransmitters are released by one neuron, across the synaptic gap, and affect adjoining neurons. | 20 | |
| 4928086107 | Reuptake | The process by which neurotransmitter molecules detach from a postsynaptic neuron and are reabsorbed by a presynaptic neuron so they can be recycled and used again. | 21 | |
| 4928086108 | Acetylcholine | Neurotransmitter that causes muscle contraction and is involved in memory function. | 22 | |
| 4928086109 | Dopamine | Neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of bodily movement, thought processes, and rewarding sensations. | 23 | |
| 4928086110 | Serotonin | Neurotransmitter involved in sleep and emotions. | 24 | |
| 4928086111 | Norepinephrine | Neurotransmitter involved in learning memory, and also a hormone manufactured by adrenal glands. | 25 | |
| 4928086112 | GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) | Neurotransmitter that usually communicates an inhibitory message. | 26 | |
| 4928086113 | Endorphins | Neurotransmitters that regulate pain perceptions. | 27 | |
| 4928086114 | Nervous System | The primary internal communication network of the body; divided into the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system | 28 | |
| 4928086115 | Nerves | Bundles of neuron axons that carry information in the peripheral nervous system. | 29 | |
| 4928086116 | Central nervous system | Division of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord. | 30 | |
| 4928086117 | Spinal Reflexes | Simple, automatic behaviors that are processed in the spinal cord. | 31 | |
| 4928086118 | Peripheral nervous system | Division of the nervous system that includes all the nerves lying outside the central nervous system. | 32 | |
| 4928086119 | Somatic nervous system | Subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that communicates sensory information to the central nervous system and carries motor messages from the central nervous system to the muscles. | 33 | |
| 4928086120 | Autonomic nervous system | Subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary functions. | 34 | |
| 4928086121 | Sympathetic nervous system | Branch of the autonomic nervous system that produces rapid physical arousal in response to perceived emergencies or threats. | 35 | |
| 4928086122 | Parasympathetic nervous system | Branch of the autonomic nervous system that maintains normal bodily functions and conserves the body's physical resources. | 36 | |
| 4928086123 | Plasticity | The brain's ability to take over the function and structure on an adjacent damaged area | 37 | |
| 4928086124 | Functional plasticity | The brain's ability to shift functions from damaged to undamaged brain areas. | 38 | |
| 4928086125 | Structural plasticity | The brain's ability to change it's physical structure in response to learning, active practice, or environmental influences. | 39 | |
| 4928086126 | neurogenesis | The development of new neurons. | 40 | |
| 4928086127 | Brainstem | A region of the brain made up of the hindbrain and the midbrain | 41 | |
| 4928086128 | Hindbrain | A region at the base of the brain that contains several structures that regulate basic life functions. Connects the spinal cord with the rest of the brain. | 42 | |
| 4928086129 | Contralateral organization | Sensory information coming in from one side of the body crosses over at the hindbrain level, projecting to the opposite side of the brain. And outgoing motor messages form one side of the brain also cross over at the hindbrain level, controlling movement and other motor functions on the opposite side of the body. | 43 | |
| 4928086130 | Medulla | A hindbrain structure that controls vital life functions such as breathing and circulation. | 44 | |
| 4928086131 | Pons | A hindbrain structure that connects the medulla to the two sides of the cerebellum; helps coordinate and integrate movements on each side of the body. Helps coordinate movements on left and right sides of body. | 45 | |
| 4928086132 | Cerebellum | A large, two-sided hindbrain structure at the back of the brain; responsible for muscle coordination and maintaining posture and equilibrium. | 46 | |
| 4928086133 | Reticular formation | A network of nerve fibers located in the center of the medulla that helps regulate attention, arousal, and sleep. | 47 | |
| 4928086134 | Midbrain | The middle and smallest brain region, involved in processing auditory and visual sensory information. | 48 | |
| 4928086135 | Substantial nigra | An area of the midbrain that is involved in motor control and contains a large concentration of dopamine-producing neurons | 49 | |
| 4928086136 | Forebrain | The largest and most complex brain region, which contains centers for complex behaviors and mental processes. Includes cerebral cortex and the limbic system structures. | 50 | |
| 4928086137 | Cerebral Cortex | The wrinkled outer portion of the forebrain, which contains the most sophisticated brain centers. divided in two cerebral hemispheres. | 51 | |
| 4928086138 | Cerebral Hemispheres | The nearly symmetrical left and right halves of the cerebral cortex. | 52 | |
| 4928086139 | Corpus callosum | A thick band of axons that connects the two cerebral hemispheres and acts as a communication link between them. | 53 | |
| 4928086140 | Temporal lobe | An area on each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex near the temples that is the primary receiving area for auditory information. | 54 | |
| 4928086141 | Occipital lobe | An area at the back of each cerebral hemisphere that is the primary receiving area for visual information. | 55 | |
| 4928086142 | Parietal lobe | An area on each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex located above the temporal lobe that processes somatic sensations ( touch, temperature, pressure, etc) | 56 | |
| 4928086143 | Frontal lobe | The largest lobe of each cerebral hemisphere; processes voluntary muscle movements and is involved in thinking, planning, and emotional control. | 57 | |
| 4928086144 | Primary motor cortex | On frontal lobe controls voluntary movements | 58 | |
| 4928086145 | Somotosensory cortex | On parietal lobe receives information about body sensations. | 59 | |
| 4928086146 | Primary auditory cortex | On temporal lobe processes auditory information | 60 | |
| 4928086147 | Primary visual cortex | On occipital lobe processes visual information | 61 | |
| 4928086148 | Limbic System | A group of forebrain structures that form a border around the brainstem and are involved in emotion, motivation, learning, and memory. | 62 | |
| 4928086149 | Hippocampus | A curved forebrain structure that is part of the limbic system and is involved in learning and forming new memories. | 63 | |
| 4928086150 | Thalamus | A forebrain structure that processes sensory information for all senses, except smell, and relays it to the cerebral cortex. | 64 | |
| 4928086151 | Hypothalamus | A peanut-sized forbrain structure that is part of the limbic system and regulates behaviors related to survival, such as eating, drinking, and sexual activity. | 65 | |
| 4928086152 | Amygdala | Almond-shaped cluster of neurons in the brain's temporal lobe, involved in memory and emotional responses, especially fear. | 66 | |
| 4928086153 | Pierre Paul Broca | Evidence for the localization of speech. He discovered solid evidence for the localization of language functions in the human brain. Lower left frontal lobe | 67 | |
| 4928086154 | Karl Wernicke | Evidence for the localization of language comprehension. left temporal lobe. | 68 | |
| 4928086155 | Lateralization of function | The notion that specific psychological or cognitive functions are processed primarily on one side of the brain. | 69 | |
| 4928086156 | Aphasia | The partial or complete inability to articulate ideas or understand spoken or written language because of brain injury or damage. | 70 | |
| 4928086157 | Split-brain Operation | A surgical procedure that involves cutting the corpus callosum. Use to stop or reduce recurring seizures in severe cases of epilepsy that can't be treated in any other fashion. | 71 | |
| 4928086158 | control of simple and complex responses decision making processing of sensory info providing spice of emotions taking into account the push-pull of motivations creativity memory implicated when things go wrong | Nervous system is responsible for... | 72 | |
| 4928086159 | dendrites and cell body | where are input areas of a neuron? | 73 | |
| 4928086160 | axon and teleodendria (axon terminal) | where are the output areas of a neuron? | 74 | |
| 4928086161 | oligodendroglia | form the myelin in the CNS (white matter) myelin sheath | 75 | |
| 4928086162 | astrocytes | nutritive support, help protect from toxins in blood and make connections between neuron and blood vessels | 76 | |
| 4928086163 | microglia | small, mobile, scarf up debris, dead cells | 77 | |
| 4928086164 | broca's area (left frontal lobe) | brain controls articulation of speech | 78 | |
| 4928086165 | Wernicke's area (left Parietal Lobe) | important for understanding speech and thoughts together into speech | 79 | |
| 4928086166 | left parietal lobe | what part of the brain helps with reading | 80 | |
| 4928086167 | left parietal lobe | what part of the brain helps with writing | 81 | |
| 4928086168 | right side | what side of the brain helps with object recognition | 82 | |
| 4928086169 | right bottom temporal area | facial recognition | 83 | |
| 4928086170 | reflex arc | how is a neural circuit put together (wiring) | 84 | |
| 4928086171 | agonist | drug or other chemical substance that binds to a receptor site and triggers a response in the cell | 85 | |
| 4928086172 | antagonist | drug or other chemical substance that blocks a receptor site and inhibits or prevents a response in the receiving cell | 86 | |
| 4928086173 | endocrine system | system of glands located throughout the body that secrete hormones into the bloodstream | 87 | |
| 4928086174 | hormones | chemical messengers secreted into the bloodstream primarily by endocrine glands | 88 | |
| 4928086175 | pituitary gland | endocrine gland attached to the base of the brain that secretes hormones that affect the function of other glands as well as hormones that act directly on physical processes | 89 | |
| 4928086176 | adrenal glands | pair of endocrine glands that are involved in the human stress responses | 90 | |
| 4928086177 | adrenal cortex | outer portion of the adrenal glands | 91 | |
| 4928086178 | adrenal medulla | inner portion of the adrenal glands; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine | 92 | |
| 4928086179 | gonads | glands that secrete hormones that regulate sexual characteristics and reproductive processes | 93 | |
| 4928086180 | phrenology | pseudo scientific theory of the brain that claimed that personality characteristics, moral character, and intelligence could be determined by examining the bump's on a person's skull | 94 | |
| 4928086181 | cortical localization | notion that different functions are located or localized in different areas of the brain | 95 | |
| 4928086182 | hypothalamus | master endocrine gland | 96 |
