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| 5108108569 | Tigris and Euphrates | a river in SW Asia, rising in E Turkey and flowing southeast through Baghdad to the Euphrates in SE Iraq, forming the delta of the Shatt-al-Arab, which flows into the Persian Gulf: part of a canal and irrigation system as early as 2400 bc, with many ancient cities (including Nineveh) on its banks. | 0 | |
| 5108112824 | Mesopotamia | An ancient region of southwestern Asia in present-day Iraq, lying between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers | 1 | |
| 5108114323 | Fertile Crescent | the region in the Middle East which curves, like a quarter-moon shape, from the Persian Gulf, through modern-day southern Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and northern Egypt. | 2 | |
| 5108116344 | Carthage | An ancient city on the coast of North Africa near present-day Tunis | 3 | |
| 5108116345 | Sahara | A vast desert in North Africa, extending from the Atlantic in the west to the Red Sea in the east, and from the Mediterranean and the Atlas Mountains in the north to the Sahel in the south. | 4 | |
| 5108118000 | Kalahari | an extensive arid plateau of South Africa, Namibia, and Botswana. | 5 | |
| 5108118001 | Nile River | the world's longest river (4150 miles); flows northward through eastern Africa into the Mediterranean | 6 | |
| 5108121050 | Desertification | the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture. | 7 | |
| 5108121051 | Indus River Valley | an Asian river that rises in Tibet and flows through northern India and then southwest through Kashmir and Pakistan to the Arabian Sea | 8 | |
| 5108124788 | Environmental | relating to the natural world and the impact of human activity on its condition. | 9 | |
| 5108127155 | Degradation | the condition or process degrading or being degraded | 10 | |
| 5108128890 | Deforestation | clearing of trees, transforming a forest into cleared land. | 11 | |
| 5108128891 | Huang He | a river flowing from W China into the Gulf of Bohai. 2800 miles (4510 km) long (Yellow River) | 12 | |
| 5108132471 | Chiang Jiang | a river in E Asia, flowing from the Tibetan plateau through central China to the East China Sea. About 3200 miles (5150 km) long. | 13 | |
| 5108132472 | Loess | a loosely compacted yellowish-gray deposit of windblown sediment of which extensive deposits occur, e.g., in eastern China and the American Midwest. | 14 | |
| 5108134555 | Mesoamerica | A region extending south and east from central Mexico to include parts of Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and Nicaragua. | 15 | |
| 5108134556 | Maize | corn | 16 | |
| 5108137820 | Polynesia | A division of Oceania including scattered islands of the central and southern Pacific Ocean roughly between New Zealand, Hawaii, and Easter Island. | 17 | |
| 5116298030 | Oceania | The islands of the southern, western, and central Pacific Ocean, including Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. | 18 | |
| 5108139828 | Division of Labor | the assignment of different parts of a manufacturing process or task to different people in order to improve efficiency. | 19 | |
| 5108139829 | Barter | exchange (goods or services) for other goods or services without using money. | 20 | |
| 5108146839 | Polytheistic | belief in many gods | 21 | |
| 5108151107 | Ziggurats | a rectangular stepped tower, sometimes surmounted by a temple. | 22 | |
| 5108151108 | Astrology | the study of the movements and relative positions of celestial bodies interpreted as having an influence on human affairs and the natural world. | 23 | |
| 5116279419 | Astronomy | the branch of science that deals with celestial objects, space, and the physical universe as a whole. | 24 | |
| 5108157453 | Hewbrews, Israelites, Jews | a member of an ancient people living in what is now Israel and Palestine and, according to biblical tradition, descended from the patriarch Jacob, grandson of Abraham. | 25 | |
| 5108159184 | Abraham | the first of the great Biblical patriarchs, father of Isaac, and traditional founder of the ancient Hebrew nation | 26 | |
| 5108159185 | Moses | The great leader, lawgiver, and prophet of the ancient Israelite's | 27 | |
| 5108162901 | Ten Commandments | laws or rules handed down to Moses by God on Mount Sinai. | 28 | |
| 5108162902 | Monotheism | the belief in one god | 29 | |
| 5108162903 | Jewish Diaspora | the scattering of the Jews to countries outside of Palestine after the Babylonian captivity | 30 | |
| 5108166333 | Theocrats | a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god. | 31 | |
| 5108166334 | Aten | a solar deity declared by Amenhotep IV to be the only god, represented as a solar disk with rays ending in human hands. | 32 | |
| 5108168156 | Mummification | To make into a mummy by embalming and drying. | 33 | |
| 5108168157 | Aryans | relating to or denoting a people speaking an Indo-European language who invaded northern India in the 2nd millennium BC, displacing the Dravidian and other aboriginal peoples. | 34 | |
| 5108171313 | Hindi | a language or group of dialects of N central India. It belongs to the Indic branch of the Indo-European family and is closely related to Urdu | 35 | |
| 5108172689 | Vedas | The Vedas are a collection of hymns and other religious texts composed in India between about 1500 and 1000 BCE. | 36 | |
| 5116128745 | Vedic Age | The Vedic Age is the "heroic age" of ancient Indian civilization. It is also the formative period when the basic foundations of Indian civilization were laid down. These include the emergence of early Hinduism as the foundational religion of India, and the social/religious phenomenon known as caste. | 37 | |
| 5108172690 | Brahmin | a member of the highest, or priestly, class among the Hindus | 38 | |
| 5108174116 | Brahma | the creator god of the Hindu sacred triad | 39 | |
| 5108174117 | Dharma | conformity to religious law, custom, duty, or one's own quality or character. | 40 | |
| 5108175614 | Kharma | The totality of a person's actions and conduct during successive incarnations, regarded as causally influencing his or her destiny | 41 | |
| 5108175615 | Moksha | release from the cycle of rebirth impelled by the law of karma. | 42 | |
| 5108178241 | Ancestor Veneration | the custom of venerating deceased ancestors who are considered still a part of the family and whose spirits are believed to have the power to intervene in the affairs of the living. | 43 | |
| 5108178242 | Golden Age | an idyllic, often imaginary past time of peace, prosperity, and happiness. | 44 | |
| 5108179969 | Scribes | a person who copies out documents, especially one employed to do this before printing was invented. | 45 | |
| 5108181661 | The Epic of Gilgamesh | an epic poem from the ancient Mesopotamia | 46 | |
| 5108181662 | Cuneiform | denoting or relating to the wedge-shaped characters used in the ancient writing systems of Mesopotamia, Persia, and Ugarit, surviving mainly impressed on clay tablets. | 47 | |
| 5108183742 | Alphabetic Script | a writing system based on alphabetic characters | 48 | |
| 5108187159 | Hieroglyphics | designating or pertaining to a pictographic script, particularly that of the ancient Egyptians, in which many of the symbols are conventionalized, recognizable pictures of the things represented | 49 | |
| 5108187160 | Papyrus | a material prepared in ancient Egypt from the pithy stem of a water plant, used in sheets throughout the ancient Mediterranean world for writing or painting on and also for making rope, sandals, and boats. | 50 | |
| 5108188848 | Book of the Dead | A collection of ancient Egyptian funerary texts from various periods, containing prayers, magic formulas, and hymns to be used by the soul of the deceased for guidance and protection on its journey to the afterlife. | 51 | |
| 5108188849 | Indo-European | of or relating to the family of languages spoken over the greater part of Europe and Asia as far as northern India. | 52 | |
| 5108191253 | Sanskrit | an ancient Indic language of India, in which the Hindu scriptures and classical Indian epic poems are written and from which many northern Indian languages are derived. | 53 | |
| 5108192853 | Rig-Veda | one of the Vedas, a collection of 1028 hymns, dating from not later than the second millennium b.c. | 54 | |
| 5108195243 | Upanishads | each of a series of Hindu sacred treatises written in Sanskrit | 55 | |
| 5108198646 | Pictographs, Glyphs | a pictorial symbol for a word or phrase | 56 | |
| 5108200310 | Austronesian Speakers | a family of languages spoken in the Malay Peninsula, Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, Taiwan, Madagascar, and Oceania. | 57 | |
| 5108200311 | Patriarchal | of, relating to, or characteristic of a system of society or government controlled by men. | 58 | |
| 5108202741 | Clans | a group of close-knit and interrelated families | 59 | |
| 5108202742 | Feudalism | the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection. | 60 | |
| 5108205166 | Sumer | an ancient region in southern Mesopotamia that contained a number of independent cities and city-states of which the first were established ... | 61 | |
| 5108205167 | Uruk | an ancient Sumerian city in S Iraq, near the Euphrates | 62 | |
| 5108207722 | City-States | a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state. | 63 | |
| 5108207723 | King and Kingdom | a king is a ruler over a territory called a kingdom | 64 | |
| 5108210213 | Babylonians | an inhabitant of Babylon or Babylonia. | 65 | |
| 5108210214 | Empire | an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress. | 66 | |
| 5108212437 | Phoenicians | a member of a Semitic people inhabiting ancient Phoenicia and its colonies | 67 | |
| 5108214345 | Old,Middle,New Kingdoms | Three Kingdoms of ancient Egypt | 68 | |
| 5108214346 | Hyksos | a people of mixed Semitic and Asian descent who invaded Egypt and settled in the Nile delta circa 1640 BC. They formed the 15th and 16th dynasties of Egypt and ruled a large part of the country | 69 | |
| 5108219488 | Hittites | a member of an ancient people who established an empire in Asia Minor and Syria | 70 | |
| 5108219489 | Kush | An African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c. 1000 B.C.E. ; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries | 71 | |
| 5108219490 | Axum | Kingdom located in Ethiopian highlands; replaced meroe in the first century C.E.; received strong influence from Arabian peninsula; eventually converted to Christianity | 72 | |
| 5108222371 | Dradvidians | Of or relating to, or denoting a family of languages spoken in southern India and Sri Lanka, or the people who speaks them | 73 | |
| 5108222372 | Harappa | An ancient city of the civilization of the Indus Valley | 74 | |
| 5108226396 | Mohenjo-Daro | An ancient city of the civilization of the Indus Valley | 75 | |
| 5108224150 | Chavin Civilization | An early pre-Incan civilization that flourished in northern and central Peru from about 900 to 200 bc, known for its carved stone sculptures and boldly designed ceramics. | 76 | |
| 5108228042 | Olmec | A member of a prehistoric people inhabiting the cause of the coast Veracruz and western Tabasco on the Gulf of Mexico, who established what was probably the first Meso-American civilization | 77 | |
| 5108228043 | Easter Island | a Chilean island in the southeastern pacific ocean, at the southeastern most point of the Polynesian triangle. | 78 | |
| 5108229840 | Aboriginals | Original or earliest known; native ; indigenous | 79 | |
| 5108229841 | Hammurabi | sixth king of the Amorite First Dynasty of Babylon, assumed the throne from his father, Sin-Muballit, and expanded the kingdom to conquer all of ancient Mesopotamia. | 80 | |
| 5108231137 | King Menes | the legendary first king of Egypt who is thought to have united the upper and lower Egypt through conquest and founded both the first dynasty and the great city of memphis | 81 | |
| 5108231138 | Pharaoh | A ruler in ancient Egypt | 82 | |
| 5108234926 | Akhenaton | a pharaoh of Egypt of the 18th Dynasty. He is also known as `Akhenaton' or `Ikhnaton' and also `Khuenaten', all of which are translated to mean `successful for' or `of great use to' the god Aten | 83 | |
| 5108234927 | Ramses the Great | king of Egypt between 1304-1237 BC who built many monuments | 84 | |
| 5108237598 | Xia Dynasty | was the first government to emerge in ancient China and became the first to adhere to the policy of dynastic succession; thus making it the first dynasty of China. | 85 | |
| 5108237599 | Shang Dynasty | the imperial dynasty ruling China from about the 18th to the 12th centuries BC | 86 | |
| 5108239204 | Mandate of Heaven | an ancient Chinese belief/theory and philosophical idea tian(heaven) granted emperors the right to rule based on their ability to govern well, appropriately and fairly. | 87 | |
| 5109542265 | Zhou Dynasty | 1046-256 BCE the longest lasting of china's dynasties | 88 | |
| 5109941533 | Sumerians | people of Sumer | 89 |
