Full notes about everything you need to know about basic biology
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| 8013282604 | compound | a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds | 0 | |
| 8013282605 | Atomic number | The number of protons in an atom | 1 | |
| 8013282606 | mass number | The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom | 2 | |
| 8013282607 | Isotopes | atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons | 3 | |
| 8013282608 | covalent bonds | A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule | 4 | |
| 8013282609 | Electronegativity | A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons | 5 | |
| 8013282610 | nonpolar covalent bond | a covalent bond in which the electrons are shared equally by the two atoms | 6 | |
| 8013282611 | polar covalent bond | A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally | 7 | |
| 8013282612 | ion | atoms which do not have the same number of electrons as protons | 8 | |
| 8013282613 | Cations | Ions with a positive charge | 9 | |
| 8013282614 | anion | an ion with a negative charge | 10 | |
| 8013282615 | Reactants | a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction. | 11 | |
| 8013282616 | Products | The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction. | 12 | |
| 8013282617 | polar molecule | a difference in charge from one end of a molecule to the other | 13 | |
| 8013282618 | cohesion | Attraction between molecules of the same substance | 14 | |
| 8013282619 | adhesion | force of attraction between different kinds of molecules | 15 | |
| 8013282620 | specific heat | the amount of heat necessary to increase the temperature of a substance | 16 | |
| 8013282621 | Hydrophilic | Having an affinity for water or invulnerable from water | 17 | |
| 8013282622 | hydroxide ion | A negatively charged ion made of oxygen and hydrogen. | 18 | |
| 8013282623 | pH scale | Measures how acidic or basic a substance is | 19 | |
| 8013282624 | Buffers | substances that minimize changes in the concentration of H+ and OH- | 20 | |
| 8013282625 | Isomers | Compounds with the same formula but different structures. | 21 | |
| 8013282626 | structural isomers | differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms | 22 | |
| 8013282627 | Geometric isomers | differ in arrangement around a double bond | 23 | |
| 8013282628 | Enantiomers | Structures that are like a mirror-image. | 24 | |
| 8013282629 | functional groups | Hydroxyl, Carbonyl, Carboxyl, Amino, Sulfhydryl, Phosphate | 25 | |
| 8013282630 | Macromolecules | large molecule formed by joining smaller organic molecules together | 26 | |
| 8013282631 | polymers | Molecule composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules | 27 | |
| 8013282632 | monomers | A chemical subunit that serves as a building block of a polymer. | 28 | |
| 8013282633 | condensation reaction | chemical reaction in which 2 molecules bond to form a larger molecule by releasing water | 29 | |
| 8013282634 | Hydrolysis reaction | splitting of a compound by the addition of water | 30 | |
| 8013282635 | glycogen | A branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals. | 31 | |
| 8013282636 | Cellulose | Carbohydrate component of plant cell walls. | 32 | |
| 8013282637 | starch | A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose. | 33 | |
| 8013282638 | chitin | Polysaccharide found in arthropod exoskeletons and fungal cell walls. | 34 | |
| 8013282639 | fats | also called lipids provide energy and help your body absorb energy | 35 | |
| 8013282640 | fatty acid | an organic acid that is contained in lipids, such as fats or oils | 36 | |
| 8013282641 | saturated fat | a fat that is solid at room temperature, example butter. | 37 | |
| 8013282642 | unsaturated fat | A fat that is liquid at room temperature and found in vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds. | 38 | |
| 8013282643 | Phospholipids | lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule, cell membrane structure | 39 | |
| 8013282644 | steroids | Lipids in which the carbon skeleton contains four fused rings | 40 | |
| 8013282645 | amino acids | The building blocks of proteins | 41 | |
| 8013282646 | polypeptide | A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. | 42 | |
| 8013282647 | peptide bond | The covalent bond between two amino acid units, formed by a dehydration reaction. | 43 | |
| 8013282648 | Proteins | Large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. | 44 | |
| 8013282649 | lipids | Fats and oils | 45 | |
| 8013282650 | nucleic acid | Macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus. DNA and RNA. | 46 | |
| 8013282651 | Carbohydrate | A sugar in the form of a monosaccharide, disaccharide or polysaccharide. | 47 | |
| 8013282652 | primary structure | amino acids bonded together to form a polypeptide chain | 48 | |
| 8013282653 | Secondary structure | pleated sheets and coils form by polypeptide chains | 49 | |
| 8013282654 | tertiary structure | the 3 dimensional shape that allows proteins to form a globular shape | 50 | |
| 8013282655 | quaternary structure | 2 or more polypeptide chains forming a functional protein | 51 | |
| 8013282656 | fibrous protein | long and narrow protein, insoluble in water | 52 | |
| 8013282657 | Polyunsaturated | more than 1 double bond | 53 | |
| 8013282658 | Hydroxyl formula | -OH | 54 | |
| 8013282659 | carbonyl formula | C=O | 55 | |
| 8013282660 | carboxyl formula | COOH | 56 | |
| 8013282661 | amino group formula | NH2 | 57 | |
| 8013282662 | sulfydryl formula | SH | 58 | |
| 8013282663 | phosphate | PO4 | 59 | |
| 8013282664 | Denaturation | when protein is cooked it changes its nature permanently | 60 | |
| 8013282665 | DNA | A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes. | 61 | |
| 8013282666 | RNA | single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose | 62 | |
| 8013282667 | Nucleotide | a molecule made of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group | 63 | |
| 8013282668 | Ratio of carbohydrates | 1:2:1 | 64 | |
| 8013282669 | Monosaccharide formula | C6H12O6 | 65 | |
| 8013282670 | DNA | Thymine:Adenine, Cytosine:Guanine | 66 | |
| 8013282671 | RNA | Uracil:Adenine, Cytosine:Guanine | 67 | |
| 8013282672 | monomers of lipids | triglyceride and phospholipids | 68 | |
| 8013282673 | monomers of Nucleic acid | Nucleotides, ATP, Phosphate, sugar, nitrogen bases | 69 | |
| 8013282674 | Monomers of carbohydrates | Glucose, galactose, fructose | 70 | |
| 8013282675 | polymers of carbohydrates | starch, cellulose, chitin, glycogen | 71 | |
| 8013282676 | polymers of lipids | steroids, cholesterol, waxes | 72 | |
| 8013282677 | Polymer of Nucleic Acid | DNA and RNA | 73 | |
| 8013282678 | ATP | main energy source that cells use for most of their work | 74 | |
| 8013282679 | Dissociation | when proteins separate from each other as in a quaternary stucture ex. hemoglobins | 75 | |
| 8013282680 | Hydrophobic | Having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water. | 76 | |
| 8013282681 | Dimer formula of Carbohydrates | C12H22O11 | 77 | |
| 8013282682 | dimer of protien | dipeptide | 78 | |
| 8013282683 | dimer of lipids | saturated and unsaturated | 79 | |
| 8013282684 | peptide formula | amino and carboxyl forms | 80 | |
| 8013282685 | polymer of protein | polypeptide, primary, secondary,tertiary,quaternary structure | 81 | |
| 8013282686 | heat of vaporization | The amount of energy required for the liquid at its boiling point to become a gas | 82 | |
| 8013282687 | calories | Amount of energy needed to heat one mL of water 1 degree celcius | 83 | |
| 8013282688 | Half-life | the time required for one half of the atoms of a radioactive substance to decay | 84 | |
| 8013282689 | Radioactive | emits significant amount of energy | 85 |
