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Chapter 2 vocabulary:Population

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211879153Agricultural densityThe ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture.
211879154Agricultural revolutionThe time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering
211879155Arithmetic densityThe total number of people divided by the total land area.
211879156CensusA complete enumeration of a population.
211879157Crude birth rate(CBR)The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.
211879158Crude death rate(CDR)The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.
211879159Demographic transitionchange in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates
211879160Demographythe scientific study of population characteristics
211879161Dependency ratioThe number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64, compared to the number of people active in the labor force.
211879162Doubling timeThe number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.
211879164EpidemiologyBranch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people.
211879163Epidemiological transitiondistinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition
211879165EcumeneThe portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.
211879166Industrial revolutionA series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.
211879167Infant mortality rate(IMR)The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year old for every 1,000 live births in a society.
211879168Life expectancyThe average number of years an individual can be expected to live. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.
211879169Medical revolutionMedical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives.
211879170Natural increase rateThe percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.
211879171OverpopulationThe number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.
211879172PandemicDisease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.
211879173Physiological densityThe number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.
211879174Population pyramidA bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.
211879175Sex ratioThe number of males per 100 females in the population.
211879176Total fertility rate(TFR)The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years.
211879177Zero population growth(ZPG)A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero.
212016725non-ecumenethe portion of earth's surface not occupied by permanent human settlement.

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