Key terms for Chapter 30 of the American Pageant AP U.S. History book.
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| 145980681 | Nationalism | Political ideology that stresses people's membership in a nation-a community defined by a common culture and history as well as by territory. In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, nationalism was a force for unity in western Europe. | |
| 145980682 | Militarism | The political orientation of a people or a government to maintain a strong military force and to be prepared to use it aggresively to defend or promote national interests. | |
| 145980683 | Alliance System | A formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another's defense | |
| 145980684 | Imperialism | A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically. | |
| 145980685 | Central Powers | World War I alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman empire (later joined by Bulgaria) | |
| 145980686 | Archduke Franz Ferdinand | From Austria-Hungary. He and his wife visit the Bosnian city of Sarajevo. The Gen. warned him not to come b/c he would get killed. Conspirators, members of the Black Hands, waited in the streets for him to kill him b/c they wanted Bosnia to be free of Austria-Hungary and to become part of a large Serbian kingdom. Gavrilo Princep eventually succeeded in shooting both the archduke and his wife. Fun fact! Princep saw him when he walked out of a sandwich shop! | |
| 145980687 | Trench Warfare | A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield. , Fighting with trenches, mines, and barbed wire. Horrible living conditions, great slaughter, no gains, stalemate, used in WWI. | |
| 145980688 | Lusitania | A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war. Also caused Germany to say they would stop submarine warfare. | |
| 145980689 | Zimmerman Note | Written by Arthur Zimmerman, a german foreign secretary. In this note he had secretly proposed a German- Mexican alliance. He tempted Mexico with the ideas of recovering Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico. The note was intercepted on March 1, 1917 by the U.S. government. This was a major factor that led us into WWI. | |
| 145980690 | Selective Service Act | This 1917 law provided for the registration of all American men between the ages of 21 and 30 for a military draft. By the end of WWI, 24.2 million whites had registered; 2.3 million blacks had been drafted into the army. Less than 350,000 men dodged being drafted. Age limit was later changed to 18 to 45. | |
| 145980691 | Convoy System | Used in both the First and Second World Wars. Several cargo ships would together sail from Canada to the UK protected by naval escort ships. | |
| 145980692 | Conscientious Objector | A person who refuses military service on the grounds of religious or moral opposition to war. | |
| 145980693 | War Industries Board | Agency established during WWI to increase efficiency & discourage waste in war-related industries. This government agency oversaw the production of all American factories. It determined priorities, allocated raw materials, and fixed prices; it told manufacturers what they could and could not produce. Headed by Bernard Baruch. | |
| 145980694 | Propaganda | Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause. | |
| 145980695 | Espionage and Sedition Act | Brought forth under the Wilson administration, they stated that any treacherous act or draft dodging was forbidden, outlawed disgracing the government, the Constitution, or military uniforms, and forbade aiding the enemy. | |
| 145980696 | Great Migration | movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920 | |
| 145980697 | Fourteen Points | The war aims outlined by President Wilson in 1918, which he believed would promote lasting peace; called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations | |
| 145980698 | League of Nations | an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations, and although suggested by Woodrow Wilson, the United States never joined and it remained powerless; it was dissolved in 1946 after the United Nations was formed. | |
| 145980699 | Treaty of Versailles | Created by the leaders victorious allies Nations: France, Britain, US, and signed by Germany to help stop WWI. The treaty 1)stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Airforce. 2) Germany had to rapair war damages(33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not manefacture any weapons. | |
| 145980700 | Reparations | Compensation or repayment; compensation payable by a defeated nation for damages sustained as a result of hostilities. One of the clauses of the Treaty of Versailles, that Germany had to pay for the war damages of WWI | |
| 145980701 | War-Guilt Clause | In treaty of Versailles; declared Germany and Austria-Hungary responsible for WWI; ordered Germany to pay reparation to Allied powers for war damages. |
