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| 6112004264 | Napoleon | (1769-1821) powerful French leader, came to power at the end of the French Revolution. Became prominent during his battles in Egypt, very imperialistic | 0 | |
| 6112004265 | Muhammad Ali | (1805-1848) Ruled Egypt. built powerful army with peasants serving as infantry, hired French/Italian to train. Began industrialization-cotton textiles, armaments. Tried to topple Ottoman Empire but failed due to British intervention | 1 | |
| 6112004273 | Capitulations | (1500-1800s) agreements that exempted Euro visitors from Ottoman law, provided Euro powers with right to exercise jurisdiction over own citizens and laws. Significant because took power away from Ottomans and gave it to British | 2 | |
| 6112005033 | Zemstvos | (1864-1917) local government in Russia. elected district assembles, all classes vote, under tsarist autocracy | 3 | |
| 6112005034 | Sergei Witte | (1892-1903) minister of finance, stimulated economic development through aggressive industrialization | 4 | |
| 6112005035 | Progroms | (1800s-1900s) Russian violent mob against a minority group | 5 | |
| 6112006286 | Russo-Japanese War | (1904-1905) Russia and Japan wanted Korea/Manchuria, attacked Russian naval squadron at Port Arthur, destroyed Russian navy. Led to Japanese prominence | 6 | |
| 6112006287 | Bloody Sunday | (1972) march on Winter Palace by Irish civil rights protesters, British Army killed 13. Boosted anti British sentiment | 7 | |
| 6112006288 | Duma | (1905) Russia's 1st parliamentary system, thought to stop unrest but didn't. created due to pressure from the Russian Revolution | 8 | |
| 6112008187 | Cohong system | (early 1800s-mid 1800s) foreign merchants deal with specially licensed Chinese firms (cohongs). Merchants paid for Chinese silk, porcelain, lacquerware, tea with silver bullion. Cohongs had all control over foreign trade | 9 | |
| 6112009271 | Opium War | 1840-1860. war between Britain and China over trade and diplomatic relations. British navy superior, strike on the Grand Canal using Nemesis forced China to seek peace. Led to more British control in China | 10 | |
| 6112009272 | Tanzimat Reforms | (1839-1876) army again. Influenced by Enlightenment thought: stop capitulations, have commericial, penal, maritime, civil codes, safeguard rights of subjects. Attempted to modernize the Ottoman Empire and allow it to compete with the west. [Political] | 11 | |
| 6112010541 | Young Ottomans | (1865) group advocating individual power, local autonomy, political decentralization, constitutional government. influenced by western thinkers | 12 | |
| 6112010542 | Young Turks | (1889) promoted reform, universal suffrage, equality in law, basic freedoms. Forced Abdul Hamid to restore parliament/constitution. Tried to make Turkish official language | 13 | |
| 6112010543 | Constitution of 1876 | constitution of Ottoman Empire. Part of the reforms | 14 | |
| 6112011534 | Tsar Alexander II | (1856) signed Treaty of Paris (ended Crimean War), abolished serfdom | 15 | |
| 6112011535 | Treaty of Nanjing | (1842) first of unequal treaties. forced China to accept conclusion of Opium War. Gave Hong Kong to Britain, opened 5 ports to commerce/residence, extraterritoriality, reparations. Led to increased British control over trade and diplomacy in China | 16 | |
| 6112011536 | Bakufu | (1192-1868) Shogun's office or government. Began as solely military government but powers expanded as emperors became figureheads. Power extinguished during the Meiji Restoration. At height of its power, controlled Japan | 17 | |
| 6112012840 | Meiji Reforms | 1868, Japan. Modernization reforms included abolishment of feudalism, defeat of samurai class, and acceptance of Western ideas. Rejected European influence, and instead expanded into Asia. It led Japan to become a more dominant Asian power | 18 | |
| 6112012841 | Imperial Diet | 1889, Japan. As result of Meiji constitution, the diet consisted of a bicameral legislature: the lower House of Representatives and the upper House of Councilors. The members of the diet were elected, and they were responsible for passing laws and selecting the Prime Minister | 19 | |
| 6112012842 | Zaibatsu | 1870s-1945, Japan. They were financial business companies who had a major influence over the Japanese economy and foreign policies, and they helped boost Japan's global status | 20 | |
| 6112015025 | Unequal treaties | (19th-20th centuries) what China faced. Gave west power over the east | 21 | |
| 6112015026 | Hong Kong | (1842) ceded to Great Britain through the Treaty of Nanjing. Important trading port | 22 | |
| 6112015027 | Tributary Empire | A subordinate empire/state that sends a token of submission (money, goods, slaves, etc.) to their superior power. This was done by the superior state to show power and by the subordinate state for primarily safety reasons | 23 | |
| 6112016394 | Taiping Rebellion | (1850-1864) civil war in China. Led by Hong Xiuquan versus the Qing Dynasty. established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom: and attempted social reform through the establishment of Christianity. rebellion crushed with aid of French and British. Revolutionaries against feudal system | 24 | |
| 6112016395 | Alexander III | 1845-1894, Russia. He was the Emperor of Russia who induced nationalism, Orthodoxy, autocracy, and Russification of minorities. Against a representative government | 25 | |
| 6112017202 | Nicholas II | (1894 1917) last emperor of Russia. used oppression by police. Started Russo-Japanese War | 26 | |
| 6112017203 | Crimean War | 1853-1856. Russia vs. Britain, France, Kingdom of Sardinia, Ottoman Empire. Did well against Ottomans, not Euro though, defeated in own territory in Sep 1854. showed weaknesses of Russian Empire | 27 | |
| 6112017204 | Great Reforms | 1885-1881, Russia. Reforms created by Peter the Great in order to westernize Russian military, economy, religion, bureaucracy, politics, and social structures. Placed religious affairs under control of government, increased military size, improved foreign trade, used mercantilism, and moved capital to St. Petersburg. They allowed Russia to become a dominant and significant European power | 28 | |
| 6112019212 | Hong Xiuquan | (1814-1864) village schoolteacher leader of Taiping rebellion. Christian convert, proclaimed self as brother of Jesus Christ. Ended the Qing Dynasty | 29 | |
| 6112026549 | Self-Strengthening movement | (1861-1895) reforms done during the end of the Qing Dynasty. Influenced by west, followed defeat in the Opium Wars | 30 | |
| 6112028519 | Empress Cixi | 1835-1908. former imperial concubine, diverted funds for navy to build marble boat for lake in imperial gardens. Stopped the Self-Strengthening Movement and reforms | 31 | |
| 6112028520 | Boxer Rebellion | antiforeign uprising, rampage in northern China to kill foreigners/Chinese Christians: take foreign embassies. British/French/Russian/US/German/Japanese crush movement in retaliation for assault. Led to indemnities being paid to the foreign powers involved | 32 | |
| 6112029374 | Admiral Perry | (1852-1854) opened Japan to the west | 33 | |
| 6112030907 | Tokugawa | (1603-1868) feudal regime in Japan created by Tokugawa Ieyasu. Ended with the Meiji Reformation | 34 |
