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| 736357849 | Huey P. Long | 1. "Share our Wealth" concept which meant that there would be a Wealth minimum and maximum for Americans.Huey P. Long was the most direct Democrat challenge to Roosevelt, speaking against Roosevelt and using his Share our Wealth plan as a basis for his Presidential platform 2. Huey P Long served as Governor of Louisiana from 1928-1932 | |
| 736357850 | Francis Townsend | 1. "Townsend Plan" concept which greatly influenced United States Social Security Act which was passed in 1935, Townsend was one of the first to speak for pensions given to those above age 60. 2. Townsend was a physician who, in order to promote his Townsend Plan, wrote a letter to the editor of the local newspaper in Long Beach, which launched his career as an Old Age Activist. | |
| 736357851 | United Auto Workers | 1. The UAW was founded in May 1935 in Detroit, Michigan, under the auspices of the American Federation of Labor. 2. The Union is best known for its Flint Sit Down strike which lasted from (December) 1936 until (February) 1937. | |
| 736357852 | Congress of Industrial Organization (CIO) | 1. Proposed by John L. Lewis in 1938, was a federation of unions that organized workers in industrial unions in the United States and Canada from 1935 to 1955. 2. The Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act) is widely responsible for the creation of the Union because it created a powerful National Labor Relations Board for administrative purposes and reasserted the rights of labor to engage in self-organization and to bargain collectively through representatives of its own choice. | |
| 736357853 | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | 1. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the 32nd President of the United States and the only president to be elected to more than 2 terms. 2. President Roosevelt focused on Relief Recovery and Reform, hoping to halt the depression, recover and strengthen, and then reform the United States to prevent future Collapses. | |
| 736357854 | Father Charles Coughlin | 1. Father Charles Coughlin was a Catholic Priest who spoke over the radio propagating Fascist ideals, and denouncing Roosevelt's "Socialism". 2. Coughlin was removed from the Radio when his show began to become to Anti-Semitic. | |
| 736357855 | Mary McLeod Bethune | 1. Bethune was an African American educator and Civil Rights leader who became known for founding the Bethune-Cookman University in Florida. 2. Bethune was a member of Roosevelt's "Black Cabinet" and was a close advisor of the president. | |
| 736357856 | John Steinbeck | 1. Steinbeck's contacts with leftist authors, journalists, and labor union figures influenced his writing and he joined the League of American Writers, a Communist organization, in 1935 2. Steinbeck met with strike organizers from the Cannery and Agricultural Workers' Industrial Union. | |
| 736357857 | Ruth Benedict | 1. Benedict was a American Born Anthropologist and Folklorist 2. Benedict held the post of President of the American Anthropological Association and was also a prominent member of the American Folklore Society. She was the first woman to be recognized as the leader of a prominent organization. | |
| 736357858 | George W. Norris | 1. Norris served 5 terms in the United States Senate from 1913 until 1943, 4 terms as a republican and 1 last term as an independent. 2. Norris was a staunch supporter of President Roosevelt's New Deal programs, sponsoring the Tennessee Valley Authority Act of 1933. | |
| 736357859 | John L. Lewis | 1. During the Second World War, he served in the United States Army Air Forces (1943-1945), where he was a second lieutenant and pilot. 2. After the war, he attended Williams College, then continued his studies at Dartmouth College. | |
| 736357860 | "Oakies" | 1. Originally a term used for residents of Oklahoma, in the 1930s in California, the term (often used in contempt) came to refer to very poor immigrants from Oklahoma (and nearby states). 2. The "Okie" migration of the 1930s brought in over a million newly displaced people; many headed to the farms in California's Central Valley. | |
| 736357861 | American Liberty League (ALL) | 1. The American Liberty League was an American political organization formed in 1934, primarily by conservative Democrats to oppose the New Deal of Franklin D. Roosevelt. 2. Roosevelt's campaign manager accused the Liberty League of being an "ally of the Republican National Committee" which would "squeeze the worker dry in his old age and cast him like an orange rind into the refuse pail." The Republican campaign, not content with the League's declaration of non-partisanship, asked it to "stay aloof from too close alliance with the Landon campaign."[11][12] FDR's campaign manager used that information as the basis for saying that the League had behaved so badly that it "had to be repudiated by the regular Republican organization," further drawing the League into protestations of nonpartisanship that highlighted its partisan role. | |
| 736357862 | Black Cabinet | 1. The Black Cabinet was first known as the Federal Council of Negro Affairs, an informal group of African-American public policy advisors to United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt. 2. By mid-1935, there were 45 African Americans working in federal executive departments and New Deal agencies. | |
| 736357863 | Eleanor Roosevelt | 1. The wife of Franklin D. Roosevelt, she was active in helping the poor, African Americans, and women who hoped to achieve the American dream. 2. She was the first presidential spouse to hold press conferences, write a syndicated newspaper column, and speak at a national convention. | |
| 736357864 | Harry L. Hopkins | 1. was one of the architects of the New Deal, especially the relief programs of the Works Progress Administration (WPA) 2. In World War II he was Roosevelt's chief diplomatic advisor and troubleshooter and was a key policy maker in the $50 billion Lend-Lease program that sent aid to the Allies. | |
| 736357865 | Francis Perkins | 1. Frances Perkins was the U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, and the first woman appointed to the U.S. Cabinet. 2. Perkins championed many aspects of the New Deal, including the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Public Works Administration and its successor the Federal Works Agency, and the labor portion of the National Industrial Recovery Act. | |
| 736357866 | Robert F. Wagner | 1. Wagner was a Democratic U.S. Senator from New York from 1927 to 1949. 2. Championed the National Labor Relations Act creating the National Labor Relations Board, which mediated disputes between unions and corporations, and greatly expanded the rights of workers by banning many "unfair labor practices" and guaranteeing all workers the right to form a union. | |
| 736357867 | Margaret Mead | 1. During World War II, Mead served as executive secretary of the National Research Council's Committee on Food Habits 2. Mead was an Anthropologist of United States lineage. | |
| 736357868 | John M. Keynes | 1. Keynes instead argued that aggregate demand determined the overall level of economic activity, and that inadequate aggregate demand could lead to prolonged periods of high unemployment. 2. Following the outbreak of the Second World War, Keynes's ideas concerning economic policy were adopted by leading Western economies, called Keynesianism | |
| 736357869 | Harold Ickes | 1. Ickes worked as the director of the Public Works Administration (PWA) 2. He was instrumental in establishing the Kings Canyon National Park, commissioning Ansel Adams as a 'photographic muralist' in a visionary public relations project. | |
| 736357870 | Alfred M. Landon | 1. Landon was elected Governor of Kansas in 1932. He was re-elected governor in 1934 - the only Republican governor in the nation to be re-elected that year. 2. Landon later ran against Roosevelt in the 1936 presidential election, and was defeated in a landslide for Roosevelt. | |
| 736357871 | The First New Deal | 1. The New Deal was a series of economic programs enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1936. 2. Many of the programs started by the New Deal were ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme court (NRA, AAA) | |
| 736357872 | Brain Trust | 1. Brain trust began as a term for a group of close advisers to a political candidate or incumbent, prized for their expertise in particular fields. 2. Roosevelt had Brain trusts for both the First and the Second New Deals. | |
| 736357873 | First Hundred Days | 1. The first hundred days is a sample of the first 100 days of a first term presidency of a president of the United States. 2. During Roosevelt's first hundred days, congress passed The Economy Act, Emergency Banking Act, Federal Reserve Act, Glass-Steagall Act, established the FDIC, Securities Act of 1933, and the US Securities and Exchange commission. (as well as repealing prohibition) | |
| 736357874 | The Three "Rs" (Relief, Recovery, Reform) | 1. Roosevelt hoped to gain immediate Relief and Recovery, while creating long lasting Reform. 2. Relief by the PWA, Recovery by the NRA, and Reform by the Social Securities Act. | |
| 736357875 | Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) | 1. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a public work relief program that operated from 1933 to 1942 in the United States for unemployed, unmarried men from relief families, ages 18-25. 2. Robert Fechner was the head of the agency. | |
| 736357876 | Works Progress Administration (WPA) | 1. The Works Progress Administration was the largest and most ambitious New Deal agency, employing millions of unemployed people (mostly unskilled men) to carry out public works projects. 2. Liquidated on June 30, 1943, as a result of low unemployment due to the worker shortage of World War II | |
| 736357877 | The Second New Deal | 1. the second stage of the New Deal programs of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. In his address to Congress in January 1935, Roosevelt called for three major goals: improved use of national resources, security against old age, unemployment and illness, and slum clearance 2. The most important programs included Social Security, the National Labor Relations Act ("Wagner Act"), and the Banking Act. | |
| 736357878 | National Recovery Administration (NRA) | 1. goal was to eliminate "cut-throat competition" by bringing industry, labor and government together to create codes of "fair practices" and set prices. 2. Ruled Unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in the Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States. | |
| 736357879 | Keynesianism | 1. is the view that in the short run, especially during recessions, economic output is strongly influenced by aggregate demand 2. This view was used by most western economies during the second world war | |
| 736357880 | Roosevelt Recession | 1. Federal Reserve's tightening of the money supply in 1936 and 1937. 2. Unemployment jumped from 14.3% in 1937 to 19.0% in 1938, Industrial production declined almost 30% and production of durable goods fell even faster. | |
| 736357881 | Public Works Administration (PWA) | 1. The Public Works Administration (PWA), part of the New Deal of 1933, was a large-scale public works construction agency in the United States headed by Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes. 2. It was created by the National Industrial Recovery Act in June 1933 in response to the Great Depression. It built large-scale public works such as dams, bridges, hospitals, and schools. | |
| 736357882 | Dust Bowl | 1. was a period of severe dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to American and Canadian prairie lands in the 1930s, particularly in 1934 and 1936. 2. The phenomenon was caused by severe drought combined with farming methods that did not include crop rotation, fallow fields, cover crops, soil terracing and wind-breaking trees to prevent wind erosion. | |
| 736357883 | Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) | 1. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is a federally owned corporation in the United States created by congressional charter in May 1933 to provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development in the Tennessee Valley. 2. TVA became a model for America's governmental efforts to seek to assist in the modernization of agrarian societies in the developing world. | |
| 736357884 | National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) | 1.The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) is an independent agency of the United States government charged with conducting elections for labor union representation and with investigating and remedying unfair labor practices. 2. Established by the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933. | |
| 736357885 | Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) | 1. The Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) implemented US Executive Order 8802, requiring that companies with government contracts not discriminate on the basis of race or religion. 2. It was intended to help African Americans and other minorities obtain jobs in the homefront industry during World War II. | |
| 736357886 | Fireside Chats | 1. The fireside chats were a series of thirty evening radio addresses given by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt between 1933 and 1944. 2. fireside chats were the first media development that facilitated intimate and direct communication between the president and the citizens of the United States. | |
| 736357887 | Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) | 1. The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) was a United States federal law of the New Deal era which restricted agricultural production by paying farmers subsidies not to plant on part of their land and to kill off excess livestock. 2. Ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court United States v. Butler (1936) | |
| 736357888 | Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act | 1. Provisions in Banking Act of 1933 that limited commercial bank securities activities and affiliations between commercial banks and securities firms. 2. Senator Carter Glass (D) of Virginia, and Representative Henry B. Steagall (D) of Alabama. | |
| 736357889 | Emergency Banking Relief Act | 1. This act allows only Federal Reserve-approved banks to operate in the United States of America. 2. It was passed on March 9, 1933 | |
| 736357890 | National Recovery Act & Section 7a | 1. The Act was implemented by the National Recovery Administration (NRA) and the Public Works Administration (PWA). 2. Employes shall have the right to organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, and shall be free from the interference, restraint or coercion of employers of labor, or their agents, in the designation of such representatives or in self-organization or in other activities for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection.—Section 7-a, National Industrial Recovery Act | |
| 736357891 | Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) | 1. The FLSA introduced a maximum 44-hour seven-day workweek, established a national minimum wage, guaranteed "time-and-a-half" for overtime in certain jobs, and prohibited most employment of minors in "oppressive child labor". 2. It applies to employees engaged in interstate commerce or employed by an enterprise engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce. | |
| 736357892 | National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) | 1. Named after its sponsor, New York Senator Robert F. Wagner, who championed and helped pass the bill. 2. is a 1935 United States federal law that protects the rights of employees in the private sector to discuss organizing and workplace issues with coworkers, engage in collective bargaining, and take part in strikes and other forms of protected concerted activity in support of their demands. | |
| 736357893 | Judicial Reorganization Bill | 1. was a legislative initiative proposed by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt to add more justices to the U.S. Supreme Court. 2. Roosevelt met staunch disapproval of this bill, and this bill halted the political momentum of the New Deal. | |
| 736357894 | Social Security Act | 1. Based off of Francis Townsend's plan for men and women above age 60 to receive pensions. 2. Helped set up the framework for modern Welfare | |
| 736357895 | National Industrial Recovery Act | 1. was an American statute which purposed to authorize the President of the United States to regulate industry and permit cartels and monopolies in an attempt to stimulate economic recovery, and established a national public works program. 2. The Act was implemented by the National Recovery Administration (NRA) and the Public Works Administration (PWA). | |
| 736357896 | Indian Reorganization Act | 1. These include actions that contributed to the reversal of the Dawes Act's privatization of communal holdings of American Indian tribes and a return to local self-government on a tribal basis. 2. The Act also restored to Indians the management of their assets (being mainly land) and included provisions intended to create a sound economic foundation for the inhabitants of Indian reservations. | |
| 736357897 | Court-Packing Scheme | 1. Judicial Reorganization Bill which halted the political momentum of The New Deal 2. Roosevelt was trying to counter the Supreme Court which continually blocked New Deal programs such as the AAA and the NRA |
