Invertebrates Chapter 33 Campbell Biology Ninth Edition
Biology 162 Exam 3
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| 1901928391 | Invertebrates account for what percent of animals | 95% | 0 | |
| 1901928392 | basal animals that lack true tissues and organs | sponges, phylum Porifera | 1 | |
| 1901928393 | flagellated collar cells, generate water current through the sponge | Choanocytes | 2 | |
| 1901928394 | Water is drawn through pores into a cavity called | spongocoel and out through osculum | 3 | |
| 1901928395 | Sponges consits of a noncellular layer between two cell layers called | mesohyl, either spicules of silica or flexible fibers called spongin | 4 | |
| 1901928396 | Why do sponges represent a separate lineage distinct from all other animal phyla? | They lack true tissues. | 5 | |
| 1901928397 | animals with true tissues | clade Eumetazoa | 6 | |
| 1901928398 | Radiata | radial symmetry, two phylum Cnidaria and Ctenophora. | 7 | |
| 1901928399 | one of the oldest groups in eumetazoa | phylum Cnidaria, jellies, corals and hydras. Simple diploblastic radial body. | 8 | |
| 1901928400 | Cnidaria | 10000+ species, sac w/ central digestive compartment, gastrovascular cavity. (medusa and polyp) | 9 | |
| 1901928401 | Cnidarians are | carnivors, tenticals armed with cnidocytes. | 10 | |
| 1901928402 | specialized organelles within cnidocytes that eject a stinging head. | Nematocysts | 11 | |
| 1901928403 | Cnidaria includes groups with a variety of body forms, but all share which common feature? | All have a gastrovascular cavity and tentacles. | 12 | |
| 1901928404 | Phylum Cnidaria divided into four major groups | Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa, Anthozoa | 13 | |
| 1901928405 | Hydrozoa | both polyp and medusa forms, often colonial polyp stage. | 14 | |
| 1901928406 | Scyphozoa (true jellies) | All marine, polyp stage reduced or gone. | 15 | |
| 1901928407 | Cubozoa | All marine, box shaped complex eyes, potent venom | 16 | |
| 1901928408 | Anthozoa | All marine, medusa stage gone, sessile many colonial | 17 | |
| 1901928409 | Phylum Ctenophora | Comb jellies, all marine, 2 retractable tentacles armed with sticky colloblasts. | 18 | |
| 1901928410 | clade Bilateria contains three clades and are triploblastic | Lophotrochozoans, ecdysozoa, deuterostoma | 19 | |
| 1901928411 | Lophotrochozoans | flatworms, rotifers, ectoprocts, brachiopods, molluscs, and annelids | 20 | |
| 1901928412 | Bilateria containt two main phylums | Platyhelminthes (flatworms), Rotifera (rotifers). | 21 | |
| 1901928413 | Phylum Platyhelminthes | Bilateral, complex organs, true muscle tissues. Many parasitic species (flukes, tapeworms) | 22 | |
| 1901928414 | Flatworms divided into 4 classes | Turbellaria, Monogenea, Trematoda, Cestoda | 23 | |
| 1901928415 | Turbellaria (planarians) | marine, freshwater, terrestrial, predators and scavengers, body surface ciliated, lack coelom, gastrovascular cavity (one opening) | 24 | |
| 1901928416 | Monogenea | Marine and freshwater parasites, infect external surface of fish, ciliated larva starts infection on host, alternating sexual and asexual statges. | 25 | |
| 1901928417 | Trematoda (flukes) | parasites, most on vertebrates, 2 suckers ATTACH to host, alternating sexual and asexual statges. | 26 | |
| 1901928418 | Cestoda (tapeworms) | parasitic, segmented, suckers hooks on scolex, absorb food particles from host. | 27 | |
| 1901928419 | Planarians | light sensitive eyespots, complex nervous sytem, hermaphrodites, reproduce sexually or asexually through fission. | 28 | |
| 1901928420 | Among flatworms that are internal parasites which of the following would be expected? | suckers and piercing mouthparts | 29 | |
| 1901928421 | Phylum Rotifers | Tiny, mostly freshwater, complete digestive tract, separate mouth and anus, multicellular, specialized organs. | 30 | |
| 1901928422 | Lophophorates include two phyla | Ectoprocta and Brachiopoda, characterized by horseshoe-shape supension feeding organ. | 31 | |
| 1901928423 | Ectoprocts (byrozoans) | colonial, exoskeleton encases colony, reef builders. | 32 | |
| 1901928424 | Brachiopods | resemble clams, two halves are dorsal and ventral | 33 | |
| 1901928425 | Phylum Mollusca | snails, slugs, oysters, octopuses and squids, some shelled some reduced or missing shell. | 34 | |
| 1901928426 | Mollusk body plan | muscular foot, mantle which secretes shell water filled chamber with organs. Some have heads. | 35 | |
| 1901928427 | Three major classes of Phylum Molusca | Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda | 36 | |
| 1901928428 | Gastropoda (snails, slugs) | head, symmetrical, undergo torsion, anus and mantle cavity above head, radula | 37 | |
| 1901928429 | Bivalvia (clams, oysters, scallops) | shell with two halves, reduced head, no radula. Suspension feeders, trapping particles in mucus coating gills. | 38 | |
| 1901928430 | straplike rasping organ that mollusks use to scrape up food | radula | 39 | |
| 1901928431 | Cephalopoda (squid, octopus, cuddlefish) | predators, mantle covers visceral mass, missing or greatly reduced shell, closed circulatory system, complex brain and well-developed sense organs. | 40 | |
| 1901928432 | Nautiluses | small group of shelled cephalopod. | 41 | |
| 1901928433 | The clam, snail and octopus are all molluscs. The muscular foot of a snail is homologous to which of these? | head of the octopus | 42 | |
| 1901928434 | Phylum Annelida | "little rings" segmented bodies, bilateral, coelomate and protostomes. | 43 | |
| 1901928435 | Two main classes of Annelida | Oligochaeta (segmented worms), Polychaeta (marine segmented worms), Hirudinea | 44 | |
| 1901928436 | Oligochaetes | reduced head, no parapodia, chaetae present. Complex digestive system, closed circulatory system, segmented, ventral nervous system. | 45 | |
| 1901928437 | Oligochaetes reproduce by | cross-fertilizing hermaphrodites, exchange sperm and separate, clitellum slides off in soil. Some asexual by fragmentation. | 46 | |
| 1901928438 | Class Polychaeta | marine, benthic, carnivores/scavengers/planktivores, parapodia, rich blood vessels. | 47 | |
| 1901928439 | Class Hirudinea | fresh water, feed on other invertebrates, secretes hirudin and anesthetics into wound. | 48 | |
| 1901928440 | Phylum Nematoda (roundworms) | sexual reproduction, major players in decomposition and nutrient recycling. Some parasitic, plant roots and humans (raw pork). | 49 | |
| 1901928441 | Free-living flatworms, roundworms and segmented worms share all of the following traits except | digestive tract with mouth and anus. | 50 | |
| 1901928442 | Phylum Arthropods | 2/3 animals, all habitats, segmented body, jointed appendages, Cambrian explosion. | 51 | |
| 1901928443 | Arthropod evolution characterized by | decrease in number of segments, increase in appendage specialization. (HOX gene?), open circulatory system, complex organs. | 52 | |
| 1901928444 | Arthropod body | covered by cuticle, exoskeleton of protein and chitin. | 53 | |
| 1901928445 | The evolutionary origin of extensive complexity in arthropod body plans is throught to be associeated with which of these morphological changes? | the specialization of diverse body segments. | 54 | |
| 1901928446 | Four subphylums of Arthropoda | Cheliceriformes, Myriapoda, Hexapoda, Crustacae | 55 | |
| 1901928447 | Cheliceriformes (horseshoe crabs, spiders, scorpions) | clawlike feeding appendage, marine versions extinct except horseshoe crabs. | 56 | |
| 1901928448 | Myriapoda (millipedes and centipedes) | terrestrial, jaw like mandibles, many legs. | 57 | |
| 1901928449 | Hexapoda (insect) | most species, complex organ systems, exoskeleton led to success. Flight another success, sexual reproduction, 30 orders. | 58 | |
| 1901928450 | All of the following were important contributions to the large adaptive diversity of insects except? | multiple origins of wings in different insect groups. | 59 | |
| 1901928451 | Crustacea (crabs, shrimp...) | marine and freshwater, branched appendages. | 60 | |
| 1901928452 | Four types of Crustacea | Isopods and Decapods, Copepods, Barnacles (hardened cuticle) | 61 | |
| 1901928453 | Echinoderms (sea-stars) | slow moving, thin epidermis, water vascular system, tube feet, sexual internal reproduction. | 62 | |
| 1901928454 | Six classes of Phylum Echinoderms | Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echionoidea, Crinoidea, Holothuroidea, Concentricycloidea | 63 | |
| 1901928455 | Asteroidea (sea stars) | multiple arms radiating central disk, tube feet, regrow lost arms. | 64 | |
| 1901928456 | Ophiuroidea (brittle stars) | distinct central disk, long flexible arms for movement. | 65 | |
| 1901928457 | Echinoidea (sea urchins) | no arms, five rows of tube feet. | 66 | |
| 1901928458 | Crinoidea (sea lillies and feather stars) | Sea lillies attached to substrate by stalk, feather stars crawl | 67 | |
| 1901928459 | Holothuroidea (Sea cucumbers) | lack spines, reduced exoskeleton, five rows of tube feet. | 68 | |
| 1901928460 | Concentricycloidea (Sea daisies) | only three species known. | 69 |
