american pageant 12th edition
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| 23461944 | what did the ppl long for? | a period of peace in which they could pursue without distraction their new visions of consumerist affluence | 0 | |
| 23461945 | what issues were the ppl divided over? | communist subversion and civil rights | 1 | |
| 23461946 | why were democratic prospects blighted in the election of 1952? | bc of truman's clash with macarthur, war-bred inflation, and whiffs of scandal in the White House | 2 | |
| 23461947 | who was the democratic prez candidate? | Adlai E. Stevenson; he was witty, eloquent, and idealistic | 3 | |
| 23461948 | what did the repub ballot look like? | Dwight D. Eisenhower and Richard M. Nixon | 4 | |
| 23461949 | why was nixon chosen to be on the ballot? | to satisfy the anti-communists in the repub party | 5 | |
| 23461950 | why was ike a good choice? | he was the most popular american of his time; he was a war hero | 6 | |
| 23461951 | what impression did ike convey? | one of nonpartisan "grandfatherliness" | 7 | |
| 23461952 | what did nixon accuse the dems have having done? | cultivated corruption, caved in on Korea, and coddled communists | 8 | |
| 23461953 | what was Nixon accused of? | of tapping into a secretly financed "slush fund" while holding a seat in the Senate | 9 | |
| 23461954 | what was the checkers speech? | nixon's apology on television where he described his finances | 10 | |
| 23461955 | what did the checkers speech demonstrate? | the possibilities offered by television | 11 | |
| 23461956 | what did television advertising do? | it oversimplified complicated economic and social issues | 12 | |
| 23461957 | what effect did the television have? | it allowed people to go straight to the voters without the mediating influence of parties or other institutions; it proved to be a threat to the historic role of parties to choose a candidate through complex internal bargaining and playing a part in educating and obilizing the electorate | 13 | |
| 23461958 | what other effects did the TV have? | it made political messages increasingly tuned to the standards of show business and commercialism | 14 | |
| 23461959 | what did eisenhower pledge to do at the last minute bf election? | go to korea to end the war | 15 | |
| 23461960 | was eisenhower successful in making peace in korea? | no; seven months later was when peace in korea was declared through armistice; eisenhower had to threaten for peace with the atomic bomb | 16 | |
| 23462686 | was the armistice successful in the korean war? | no; it was repeatedly violated in the succeeding decades | 17 | |
| 23462687 | what were the stats of the korean war? | lasted 3 years; 54k Americans dead; a million Chinese, nK and SK; tens of billions of American dollars down the hole | 18 | |
| 23462688 | what were the effects of the krn war? | a return to pre-war conditions; division along the 38th parallel | 19 | |
| 23462689 | what was the image that eisenhower hoped to project? | sincerity, fairness, and optimism | 20 | |
| 23462690 | what criticism did eisenhower receive? | that he hoarded the "asset" of his immense popularity, rather than spend it for a good cause (especially civil rights), and that he cared more for social harmony than for social justice | 21 | |
| 23462691 | what was one of the first problems eisenhower faced in office? | the swelling popularity and swaggering power of anti-communist crusader of Senator Joseph R. McCarthy | 22 | |
| 23462692 | how did mccarthy gain his fame? | with the spectacular charge that he knew many communists who worked in the State dept | 23 | |
| 23462693 | who did mccarthy accuse in his feb 1950 speech? | secretary of state dean acheson; that he knowingly employed 205 communist prty members | 24 | |
| 23462694 | what caused mccarthy to increase his accusations? | the republican victory in 1952 | 25 | |
| 23462695 | who else did mccarthy accuse? | general george marshall | 26 | |
| 23462696 | how did the american public respond to mccarthy's accusations? | a majority approved of his crusades | 27 | |
| 23462697 | what was eisenhower's attitude toward mccarthy? | he loathed him but he also feared him; he allowed mccarthy to control the personnel policy at the State Department, which resulted in the severe damage to the morale and effectiveness of the professional foreign service; mccarthyite purges deprived the govt of a number of asian specialists who migth have counseled a wiser course in vietnam | 28 | |
| 23462698 | what was the last straw in mccarthy's accusations? | his accusation of the U.S. army; after 35 days of televised hearings in the spring of 1954 | 29 | |
| 23462699 | what was the Senate's response? | he was formally condemned by the Senate for "conduct unbecoming a member" | 30 | |
| 23462700 | how many blacks lived in america in 1950? | 15M; 2/3s of them made their homes n the South | 31 | |
| 23462701 | how did blacks live? | in a segregated society; Jim Crow laws still dominated; they were economically inferior to whites and politically poerless | 32 | |
| 23462702 | what percentage of blacks could vote? | 20% of the eligible blacks were registered to vote in the South; only 5% in the deep south | 33 | |
| 23462703 | who wrote the American Dilemma and what was it about? | Gunnar Myrdal; it exposed the contradiction bw America's professed belief that all men are created equal and its sordid treatment of black citiznes | 34 | |
| 23462704 | what caused african americans to speak up? | the war which generated a new militancy and restlessness among many of the black community | 35 | |
| 23462705 | what did the supreme court first do in 1944 for the blacks? | it ruled the "white primary" unconstitutional | 36 | |
| 23462706 | what did the sup court rule in 1950? | Sweatt v Painter: that separate professional schools for blacks failed to meet the test of equality | 37 | |
| 23462707 | who made history in Montgomery, Alabama? | Rosa Parks | 38 | |
| 23462708 | what did Rosa park start? | a yearlong black boycott of city buses>showed that blacks would no longer submit | 39 | |
| 23462709 | who did the montgomery bus boycott catapult to prominence? | reverend MLK Jr. | 40 | |
| 23462710 | what did truman do in response to the lynching of black war veterans in 1946? | he commssioned a report titled "To Secure these Rights"; he ended segregation in the federal civil service in 1948 and ordered "equality of treatment and opportunity" in the armed forces in 1948 | 41 | |
| 23462711 | what forced the combat units to integrate? | the shortage of troops in Korea | 42 | |
| 23462712 | what was the response of congress and later eisenhower to truman's attempts toward equality? | congress stubbornly resisted passing civil rights legislation and ike showed no interest in the race issue | 43 | |
| 23462713 | who broke the path for civil rights progress? | Chief Justice Earl Warren; "legislation by the judiciary" | 44 | |
| 23462714 | what decision did Brown v. Board (1954) reverse? | Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) | 45 | |
| 23462715 | what was the opinion of the justices in Brown v. Board? | the segregation in the public schools was "inherently unequal" and thus unconstitutional | 46 | |
| 23462716 | who complied with the decision made at Brown v. Board? | the border states; all but the deep south | 47 | |
| 23462717 | what was the deep south's response to Brown v Board? | more than a hundred southern congressional rep's and senators signed the "Declaration of Constitutional Principles" in 1956, pledging their unyielding resistance to desegregation | 48 | |
| 23462718 | how many eligible blacks were sitting in classrooms with whites in the deep south, ten yrs after Brown v Board? | 2% | 49 | |
| 23462719 | what was ike's attitude toward integration? | he was not inclined to it; he shied away from advancing the cause of racial justice | 50 | |
| 23462720 | what was ike's attitude toward brown v. board? | he did not issue a public statement endorsing the court's conclusions | 51 | |
| 23462721 | what happened in september of 1957? | Orval Faubus, govr of Arkansas, mobilized the Natl Guard to prevent nine black students from enrolling in Little Rock's Central High School | 52 | |
| 23462722 | how did eisenhower respond to the actions of the arkansas govr? | he sent troops to escort the kids to class, only bc it was a direct challenge to federal authority | 53 | |
| 23462723 | what also happened in 1957? | congress passed the first civil rights act since reconstruction days | 54 | |
| 23462724 | what did the civil rights act of 1957 do? | it set up a permanent civil rights commission to investigate violations of civil rights and authorized federal injunctions to protect voting rights | 55 | |
| 23464606 | what organization did mlk jr form in 1957? | the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957; it aimed to mobilize the vast power of the black churches on behalf of black rights | 56 | |
| 23464607 | where did the sit-in's originate from? | they originated from the four black college freshmen in Greensboro, North Carolina who sat at the whites-only counter in 1960 | 57 | |
| 23464608 | what characterized eisenhower's administration? | being liberal with ppl but conservative with money/property | 58 | |
| 23464609 | what were two of eisenhower's main goals? | to balance tohe federal budget and guard the republic from "creeping socialism" | 59 | |
| 23464610 | did ike support big govt or small govt? | small govt: he transported the transfer of control over offshore oil lfields from the fed govt to the states; he also tried to curb the TVA | 60 | |
| 23464611 | how did ike try to balance the budget? | by trying to cut the military budget: defense spending was still 10% of the GNP though | 61 | |
| 23464612 | what was operation wetback? | it was eisenhower's response to the mexican govt's worries that illegal mex immigration to the US would undercut the bracero program; as many as 1M mexicans were apprehended and returned to mexico in 1954 | 62 | |
| 23464613 | what was an exception to ike's liberal dealings with ppl? | ike wanted to cancel the tribal preservation policies of the "indian new deal" and revert back to the dawes several act of 1887; he wanted to terminate the tribes as legal entities; most tribes resisted this policy which was abandoned in 1961 | 63 | |
| 23464614 | what was eisenhower's attitude toward the new deal programs? | he knew that they couldn't be undone so he pragmatically accepted them and legitimated many New Dealish programs | 64 | |
| 23464615 | the Interstate highway act? | ike backed this in 1956 a $27B plan to build 42k miles of sleek, fast motorways | 65 | |
| 23464616 | what were the effects of the interstate highway act? | countless construction jobs; speedy suburbanization of America; juicy benefits to the trucking, automobile, oil, and travel industries; robbed the railroads of business; had a disastrous effect on cities | 66 | |
| 23464617 | what happened in relation with eisenhower and the budget? | he only managed to balance the budget 3 times; by 1959 he had incurred the greatest peacetime deficit in american history | 67 | |
| 23464618 | what did critics blame eisenhower for? | his fiscal timidity for causing several business recessions during the decade, especially the sharp downturn of 1957-8 which left more than 5M workers jobless | 68 | |
| 23464619 | what did the 1952 republican platform have to say about containment? | it was useless; the tide of communism needed to be turned; military spending also needed to be reduced | 69 | |
| 23464620 | what was the "policy of boldness' that secretary of state john Foster dulles advocated? | relegating the army and the navy to the back seat and building up an air fleet of superbombers equipped with city-flattening nuclear bombs (the Strategic Air Command); these could inflict "massive retaliation" on the Soviets or the Chinese if they got out of hand | 70 | |
| 23464621 | who was the new Soviet leader? | Nikita Khrushchew | 71 | |
| 23464622 | what happend at the Geneva summit conference in 1955? | Ike called for "open skies" and peace but Russia refused, suspecting espionage; the result was ike went home empty-handed | 72 | |
| 23464623 | what happned when the hungarians appealed to the US for aid in 1956 against the Soviett union? | the US did not respond; this was bc it couldn't use the threat of atomic bombing everywhere | 73 | |
| 23464624 | what was the state of east asia in the early 1950s? | far from secure; the opposite of the state in Europe | 74 | |
| 23464625 | what was happening in Indochina? | the Nationalist movements had sought for yrs to throw off teh french colonial yoke in indochina | 75 | |
| 23464626 | what did the veitnamese leader ho chi minh want? | self-determination; free elections | 76 | |
| 23464627 | what was america's involvement in the fighting in indochina? | by 1954, american taxpayers were financing nearly 80% of the costs of the french colonial war in indochina | 77 | |
| 23464628 | what was Dienbienphu? | a fortress in the northwestern corner of vietnam where a key French garrison was trapped hopelessly | 78 | |
| 23464629 | what did the US do in response to Dienbienphu? | they did nothing and Dienbienphu fell to the nationalists | 79 | |
| 23464630 | who was in favor of putting the new "policy of boldness" to the test at Dienbienphu? | everyone besides eisenhower | 80 | |
| 23464631 | what resulted from the fall of Dienbienphu? | Dienbienphu fell to the nationalists and a multi-nation conference at Geneva roughly halved Vietnam at the seventeenth parallel | 81 | |
| 23464632 | who got north and south of vietnam? | ho chi minh got north and ngo dinh diem got south at saigon | 82 | |
| 23464633 | ho chi minh accepted the north with what key condition? | that the vietnam-wide elections would be held every two yrs; it was a promise not kept | 83 | |
| 23464634 | what was eisenhower's relationship with the Diem regime? | eisenhower promised economic and military aid if it undertook certain social reforms | 84 | |
| 23464635 | why did the US back the french in indochina? | to win french approval of a plan to rearm W. germany | 85 | |
| 23464636 | when did w germany enter into nato? | 1955 | 86 | |
| 23464637 | what did the eastern european countries do in 1955? | they formed the warsaw pact with the soviets | 87 | |
| 23464638 | what did ike rly want? | an arms-control agreement with moscow | 88 | |
| 23464639 | what did the soviets do that gave us a little hope in 1955? | withdraw from austria | 89 | |
| 23464640 | what happened in 1956? | budapest was turned into a slaughterhouse by the soviet union; america had to admit 30k hungarian fugitives | 90 | |
| 23464641 | what did the govt do in response to iran's supposed communist influence? | they set up the youthful shah of iran, mohammed rez pahlevi | 91 | |
| 23464642 | what went wrong with the suez crisis? | america and britain tentatively offered financial help to build the canal but withdrew when egypt flirted with communism for a while | 92 | |
| 23464643 | what happened as a result of the suez crisis? | nasser nationalized the canal; the canal was key to w europe supply, therefore, britain and france attacked late in october 1956 | 93 | |
| 23464644 | what did france and britain calculate into their planned invasion? | the fact that we would give them surplus oil | 94 | |
| 23464645 | what was the eisenhower doctrine? | similar to the truman doctrine in europe in the middle east | 95 | |
| 23464646 | what did the landrum-griffin act do? | it was designed to bring labor leaders to book for financial shenanigans and to prevent bullying tactics; also, secondary boycotts were prohibited | 96 |
