335019936 | Peace Corp | Kennedy administration program that sent youthful American volunteers to work in underdeveloped countries | |
335019937 | Berlin Wall | High barrier between East and West erected during the 1961 Berlin crisis | |
335019938 | Green Berets | Elite anti-guerrilla military units expanded by Kennedy as part of his doctrine of "flexible response" | |
335019939 | Alliance for Progress | An attempt to provide American aid for democratic reform in Latin America that met with much disappointment and frustration | |
335019940 | Bay of Pigs | Site where anti-Castro guerrilla forces failed in their U.S-sponsored invasion | |
335019941 | Cuban Missile Crisis | Tense confrontation between Kennedy and Khrushchev that nearly led to nuclear war in October 1962 | |
335019942 | Sit-ins and Freedom Rides (non-violent protest) | New civil rights technique developed int he 1960s to desegregate lunch counters and other public facilities in the South | |
335019943 | Great Society | LBJ's broad program of welfare legislation and social reform that swept through congress in 1965 | |
335019944 | Tonkin Gulf Resolution | The 1964 congressional action that became a "blank check" for the Vietnam War | |
335019945 | Voting Rights Act of 1965 | Law, spurred by Martin Luther King, Jr.'s march from Selma to Montgomery, that guaranteed rights originally given blacks under the Fifteenth Amendment | |
335019946 | "Black Power" | Racial slogan that signaled a growing challenge to King's non-violent civil rights movement by militant younger blacks | |
335019947 | Tet | The Vietnamese New Year celebration, during which the communists launched a heavy offensive against the U.S. in 1968 | |
335019948 | Free Speech Movement | Student activist protest at the Univ. of Calif. that criticized corporate interests and impersonal university education | |
335019949 | Students for a Democratic Society | Student organization that moved from non-violent protest to underground terrorism within a few years | |
335019950 | Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village (New York City) | Site of an off-duty police raid in 1969 that spurred gay and lesbian activism | |
335019951 | John F. Kennedy | Charismatic president whose brief administration experienced domestic stalemate and foreign confrontations with communism | |
335019952 | Robert S. McNamara | Cabinet officer who promoted "flexible response" but came to doubt the wisdom of the Vietnam War he had presided over | |
335019953 | Nikita Khrushchev | Aggressive Soviet leader whose failed gamble of putting missiles in Cuba cost him his job | |
335019954 | Martin Luther King, Jr. | Non-violent black leader whose advocacy of peaceful change came under attack from militants after 1965 | |
335019955 | Lyndon B. Johnson | Brilliant legislative operator whose domestic achievements in social welfare and civil rights fell under the shadow of his Vietnam disaster | |
335019956 | Barry M. Goldwater | Conservative Republican whose crushing defeat opened the way for the liberal Great Society programs | |
335019957 | James Meredith | First black student admitted to the University of Mississippi, shot during a civil rights march in 1966 | |
335019958 | Malcolm X | Charismatic Black Muslim leader who promoted separatism in the early 1960s | |
335019959 | Mario Savio | Early student activist and leader of the Free Speech Movement at the University of California (at Berkeley) | |
335019960 | Eugene J. McCarthy | Minnesota senator whose anti-war "Children's Crusade" helped force Johnson to alter his Vietnam policies | |
335019961 | Robert F. Kennedy | New York senator whose anti-war campaign for the presidency was ended by an assassin's bullet in June 1968 | |
335019962 | Richard M. Nixon | Former vice president who staged a remarkable political comeback to win presidential election in 1968 | |
335019963 | George C. Wallace | Third party candidate whose conservative, hawkish 1968 campaign won 9 million votes and carried 5 states | |
335019964 | Hubert Humphrey | Vice president whose loyalty to LBJ's Vietnam policies sent him down to defeat in the 1968 presidential election | |
335019965 | Allen Ginsberg | "Beat" poet of the 1950s whose hostility to materialism and "establishment" values helped lay groundwork for 1960s "counterculture" |
Chapter 38: The Stormy Sixties, 1960-1968
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