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Chapter 3 - AP Biology Flashcards

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6119901668Polar moleculeA molecule (such as water) with opposite charges on opposite sides.0
6119901669Cohesionhydrogen bonds that hold a substance together1
6119901670Adhesionthe clinging of one substance to another2
6119901671Surface tensiona measure of how difficult it is to to stretch or break the surface of a liquid3
6119901672Kinetic energythe energy of motion4
6119901673Heata measure of the total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter5
6119901674Temperaturemeasures the intensity of heat due to average kinetic energy of the molecules6
6119901675Celsius scaleA temperature scale that measures the freezing point of water at 0°C and the boiling point of water at 100°C7
6119901676Calorie (cal)the amount heat it takes to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 degree C (or the amount of heat that 1 g of water releases when it cools by 1 degree C)8
6119901677Kilocalorie (kcal)(1,000 calories) is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree C9
6119901678Joulea unit of energy10
6119901679Specific heatthe amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of that substance to change its temperature by 1 degree C11
6119901680Heat of vaporizationthe quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state12
6119901681Evaporative coolingwhen a liquid evaporates, the surface of the liquid that remains behind cools down - this occurs because the "hottest" molecules, those with the greatest kinetic energy, are most likely to leave as gas13
6119901682Solutiona liquid that is a completely homogeneous mixture of two or more substances14
6119901683Solventthe dissolving agent of a solution15
6119901684Solutethe substance that is dissolved by the solvent16
6119901685Aqueous solutiona solution in which water is the solvent17
6119901686Hydration shellthe sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion18
6119901687Hydrophilicany substance that has an affinity (love) for water19
6119901688Colloida stable suspension of fine particles in a liquid20
6119901689Hydrophobicsubstances that are nonionic and nonpolar that actually seem to repel water21
6119901690Molecular massthe sum of the masses of all the atoms in a molecule22
6119901691Mole (mol)The number of grams of a substance that equals its molecular weight in daltons and contains Avogadro's number of molecules.23
6119901692Molaritythe number of moles of solute per liter of solution, is the concentration most often used by biologists for aqueous solutions24
6119901693Hydrogen iona single proton with a charge of 1+ left25
6119901694Hydroxide ion (OH-)a water molecule that has lost a H+26
6119901695Hydronium ion (H30+)when a proton binds to another water molecule27
6119901696Acida substance that increase the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution28
6119901697Basea substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution29
6119901698Bufferssubstances that minimize changes in the concentration of H+ and OH- in a solution30
6119901699Acid precipitationrain, snow, or fog with a pH lower or more acidic than pH 5.631

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