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| 5051670970 | Shi Huangdi | Founder of the short-lived Qin dynasty and creator of the Chinese Empire (r. 221-210 B.C.E.). He is remembered for his ruthless conquests of rival states and standardization. |  | 0 |
| 5051670971 | Qin dynasty | the Chinese dynasty (from 246 BC to 206 BC) that established the first centralized imperial government and built much of the Great Wall |  | 1 |
| 5051670972 | Han dynasty | (202 BC - 220 AD) dynasty started by Lui Bang; a great and long-lasting rule, it discarded the harsh policies of the Qin dynasty and adopted Confucian principles; Han rulers chose officials who passed the civil service exams rather than birth;// it was a time of prosperity imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time) from 206 BC to 221 and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy | 2 | |
| 5051681151 | Zhou Dynasty | A decentralized Chinese dynasty in China because of the massive size, and whose emperor was the first to claim to be a link between heaven and earth. Iron metallurgy increased in this dynasty.// After Shang, Mandate of Heaven. Expanded to Yangtze river. Standardized spoken language |  | 3 |
| 5051686028 | Warring States | 402-201 BCE, between Zhou and Qin dynasties, lack of centralized government in China //time of warfare between regional lords following the decline of the Zhou dynasty in the 8th century B.C.E.// Period in China from 401-221 B.C.E. that was typified by disorder and political chaos. |  | 4 |
| 5051710971 | Great Wall | a vast Chinese defensive fortification begun in the 3rd century B.C. and running along the northern border of the country for 2,400 km// Chinese defensive fortification built to keep out northern nomadic invaders; began during the reign of Shi Huangdi. |  | 5 |
| 5051710972 | Sons of Heaven | the Zhou called themselves this because they supposedly derived their lineages from the old Shang Rulers and heavens Mandate.// Emperors were called this | 6 | |
| 5051781004 | Legalism | human naturally evil and will only obey through force// Chinese philosophy developed by Hanfeizi; taught that humans are naturally evil and therefore need to be ruled by harsh laws | 7 | |
| 5051781005 | Daoism | avoid useless struggles and follow the Dao, the path. Turn to nature; focus on acceptance and individual retreat from society.// Philosophy that teaches that everything should be left to the natural order; rejects many of the Confucian ideas but coexisted with Confucianism in China// A religion in China which emphasizes the removal from society and to become one with nature. | 8 | |
| 5051781475 | Confucianism | emphasize importance of hierarchical, harmonious relationships for an orderly society. Family is the foundation that serves as a model.// Chinese belief system from 500s BCE that emphasized family loyalty, respecting elders, education, obedience, and ancestors. | 9 | |
| 5051781953 | Buddhism | A religion founded in India by Siddhartha Gautama which teaches that the most important thing in life is to reach peace by ending suffering. | 10 | |
| 5051796510 | Liu Bang | First emperor of the Han dynasty under which a new social and political hierarchy emerged. Scholars were on top, followed by farmers, artisans, and merchants. He chose his ministers from educated men with Confucian principals. | 11 | |
| 5051798885 | Bureaucracy | a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives | 12 | |
| 5051800582 | Confucius | (551-479 BCE) A Chinese philosopher known also as Kong Fuzi and created one of the most influential philosophies in Chinese history.// Founder of Confucianism | 13 | |
| 5051804743 | Xunzi | a chinese government administrator who believed that human beings are selfish no matter how their actions affect others.. he emphasized "li" and punished those who neglected their obligations to the larger society | 14 | |
| 5051804744 | Laozi | Chinese Daoist philosopher; taught that governments were of secondary importance and recommended retreat from society into nature.// Founder of Daoism | 15 |
