AP US History
The American Pageant 13th Edition
Mrs. Civitella
Radnor Highschool
State of Pennsylvania
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| 922258696 | John Calvin | Elaborated on Martin Luther's idea of Protestant Reformation. He said that God is all seeing and all knowing and all good and people are bad and bay sinners. | 1 | |
| 922258697 | Anne Huchinson | Was accused of heresy for antinomainism. | 2 | |
| 922258698 | Roger Williams | Founded Rhode Island after leaving Massachusetts for making a break from the church and challenged the legality of the Bay Colony Contract. He established a complete toleration for all religions. | 3 | |
| 922258699 | Henry Hudson | An english explorer and found the Hudson River in 1609 wanting to find a water route to cut the continet. | 4 | |
| 922258700 | William Bradford | A self-taught scholar and Pilgrim leader against the settlement of non-pligrims who may corrupt their society. | 5 | |
| 922258701 | Peter Stuyvesant | Last government of New Amsterdam before the British took over. He was at odds with the colonists at all times. | 6 | |
| 922258702 | William Laud | An archbishop under the rule of Charles I who looked down upon the Bay Colony Puritans who didn't want to break away but remove impurities. | 7 | |
| 922258703 | Thomas Hooker | This reverend and his wife took many people with them as they left the Bay Colony for Hartford. | 8 | |
| 922258704 | William Penn | Founded Pennsylvania as a haven for persecuted Quakers allowing equality for everyone who lived there. | 9 | |
| 922258705 | John Winthrop | The first governor of Massachusetts and helped the colony prosper. | 10 | |
| 922258706 | Metacom | Massasoit's son who made a pan-Indian alliance leading him to attack English settlements in 1675. | 11 | |
| 922258707 | John Cotton | A minister in Massachusetts who came to Boston in order to escape persecution of the Church of England for being a Puritan. (Hint: Jacky Faber Book 2 Rev. Mather) | 12 | |
| 922258708 | Sir Edmund Andros | Appointed governor of the Domain of New England by James II who decreed religious tolerance and higher taxes. | 13 | |
| 922258709 | Gustavas Adolphus | King of Sweden during the 30 Years War and tried to colonize in Delaware but they failed. They also contributed the log cabin. | 14 | |
| 922258710 | William and Mary | Protestant royal replacement of Catholic James II during the Glorious Revolution. | 15 | |
| 922258711 | Massasoit | A chief of the Wampanoag tribe who made peace with the Pilgrims during the first Thanksgiving. | 16 | |
| 922258712 | Fernando Gorges | Attempted to colonize near some of the lakes and forests near the coast of Maine. | 17 | |
| 922258713 | Myles Standish | Also known as Captain Shrimp, he was a big help in the Pilgrim fight against the Indians. | 18 | |
| 922258714 | Martin Luther | Spoke out about the corruption of the Catholic Church and sparked the beginning of the Protestant Revolution. | 19 | |
| 922258715 | Michael Wigglesworth | A strong Puritan clergyman who wrote called "Day of Doom" about the fate of the damned. | 20 | |
| 922258716 | Squanto | Wampanoag Indian who was the first to really help the cluless Pilgrims settlers of Plymouth. He had learned English when he was onboard an English ship. | 21 | |
| 922258717 | Fernando Gorges | Attempted to colonize near some lakes and forests off the coast of Maine. | 22 | |
| 922258718 | franchise | Giving free white men the right to vote. | 23 | |
| 922258719 | Predestination | God has foreordained some people to be saved and others to be damned. | 24 | |
| 922258720 | freemen | An adult male who belonged to a Puritan congregation. | 25 | |
| 922258721 | visible saints | Those who publically proclaimed their experience of conversion and were expected to lead godly lives. | 26 | |
| 922258722 | elect | In Calvinist doctrine, those who have been chosen by God for salvation. | 27 | |
| 922258723 | conversion | A religious turn to God. | 28 | |
| 922258724 | Doctrine of a Calling | The belief that saved individualshave a religious obligation to engage in worldly work. | 29 | |
| 922258725 | covenant | A religious agreement that one holds to God or themselves or their community. | 30 | |
| 922258726 | antinomianism | If you were going to be saved by God already then there was no point in living a holy and religious life. | 31 | |
| 922258727 | sumptuary laws | Also konw as Blue Laws, these lawes were designed to restrict personal behavior in accord with a strict code of morality. | 32 | |
| 922258728 | salutary neglect | An undocumented British policy of avoiding strict Parliament laws to keep America obedient to Great Britian. | 33 | |
| 922258729 | passive resistance | Nonviolent action or opposition to authority in accord with religious morals or beliefs. | 34 | |
| 922258730 | City upon a Hill | Governor Winthrop believed that his city was a beacon to humaniy and they had a purpose and a covenant with God as they were among the first settlers. | 35 | |
| 922258731 | Protestant Reformation | The religious break from the Catholic Church. | 36 | |
| 922258732 | Pilgrim | A group of separatists and extremist Puritans who settled in Plymouth. | 37 | |
| 922258733 | New England Confederation | Created to defend against enemies made of Puritans from Conneticut and Massachusetts. | 38 | |
| 922258734 | Calvinism | A religious denomination created by John Calvin following the ideas of Martin Luther in the Protestant Reformation. | 39 | |
| 922258735 | Massachusetts Bay Colony | Gave the Pilgrims a charter to make a settlement in the New World. | 40 | |
| 922258736 | Dominion of New England | A royal authoriy that included Newy York and Jersey. It boosted defense agianst Indians and Navigation Laws stating no trade with anyone but Britian. | 41 | |
| 922258737 | Institutes of the Christian Religion | John Calvin's doctrine in 1536 stating God was omnipitant and people were all bad. | 42 | |
| 922258738 | Navigation Laws | England wanted to increase natutical power so they didn't let colonies trade with anyone but them. | 43 | |
| 922258739 | Great Migration | Massachusetts movement of Puritans in Massachusetts and creating dozens of planned and orderly towns. | 44 | |
| 922258740 | Glorious Revolution | Overthrow of Catholic James II and crowning of Protestant William and Mary in England. | 45 | |
| 922258741 | Puritans | A religious group who wanted to purify the corrupt Catholic Church and Church of England. | 46 | |
| 922258742 | General Court | A Puritan representative assembly where only freemen could vote. | 47 | |
| 922258743 | Dutch West India Company | Less powerful but related to the Dutch East India Company. It worked in the Varibbean and ports in Africa. | 48 | |
| 922258744 | Separatists | A very small group of extreme Puritans who wanted to completely split from the Church of England. | 49 | |
| 922258745 | Bible Commonwealth | Also konwn as Massachusetts, nicknamed because of all the Puritans and the large amount of Christianity. | 50 | |
| 922258746 | Quakers | Society of friends who believed in equality and were frequently persecuted created the colony of Pennsylvania. | 51 | |
| 922258747 | Mayflower | The boat that the Pilgrims came over to Plymouth Rock in. | 52 | |
| 922258748 | Protestant Ethic | The work ethic the Puritans lived by, all work and no play. | 53 | |
| 922258749 | Mayflower Compact | First form of self-government in the colonies setup by Pilgrims in Plymouth Rock before leaving for the colonies. | 54 | |
| 922258750 | Fundamental Order | Conneticut's state constitution that later influenced modern state government. | 55 | |
| 922258751 | French Huguenots | French missionaries who adopted Calvinism as their main theology. | 56 | |
| 922258752 | Scottish Presbyterians | Calvinism became the main theology of this denomination. | 57 | |
| 922258753 | Church of England | Anglican denomination part Catholic and part Protestant created by Henry VIII. | 58 | |
| 922258754 | Dutchification | The way the Dutch tried to change the Puritans who had fled to Holland. | 59 | |
| 922258755 | Plymouth Bay | The location where the Pilgrims settled when they reached the American colonies. | 60 | |
| 922258756 | conregational church | Everyone gets a vote (very democratic). Used in Puritan congregations. | 61 | |
| 922258757 | Pequot War | Battles between the settlers and Pequot villagers. | 62 | |
| 922258758 | Dutch Golden Age | Large trading companies and a leading colonial power as well as a naval power. | 63 | |
| 922258759 | New Netherland | Settled in the Hudson River area by the Dutch and the English wanted them out. | 64 | |
| 922258760 | New Amsterdam | Dutch settlement in Manhatten in modern-day New York City and the English wanted them out. | 65 | |
| 922258761 | New Sweden | The Swedes took over some Dutch land in 1638 in Delaware. | 66 | |
| 922258762 | Penn's Woodland | What Pennsylvania means in another language. | 67 | |
| 922258763 | Martin Luther | German monk who believed that the bible alone was the source of god's word, not priests and popes; started the Protestant reformation in the 16th century | 68 | |
| 922258764 | John Calvin | Swiss religious leader that elaborated Martin Luther's ideas and established Calvinism | 69 | |
| 922258765 | Calvinism | religion established by John Calvin that was the primary staple of New England Puritans - Calvinists believe in predestination and that God is all-knowing | 70 | |
| 922258766 | Puritan | English Protestants who wanted to fully reform (or "purify") the Catholic Church and thought the Protestant Reformation was moving too slowly and wasn't fully "de-Catholicizing" the church | 71 | |
| 922258767 | Separatists | a small group of devoted Puritans who vowed to break away from the English Church because they felt that only visible saints (people who could prove their worth to other Puritans) should be admitted to the church, rather than all of the king's subjects who were instead admitted - later known as Pilgrims | 72 | |
| 922258768 | visible saints | people who could prove their worth to other Puritans in order to be admitted to the Puritan church | 73 | |
| 922258769 | Mayflower Compact | a precedent for later constitutions signed by Pilgrim leaders that agreed to form a government and that majority rules in voting situations - step towards self-government | 74 | |
| 922258770 | William Bradford | a highly-educated Pilgrim leader who feared that non-Puritans would settle in New England | 75 | |
| 922258771 | 1629 (England) | harles I dismissed Parliament, ordered anti-Puritan persecutions (Archbishop William Laud), causing a group of non-Separatist Puritans who feared Charles I to form Massachusetts Bay Colony | 76 | |
| 922258772 | 1691 (America) | still small settlement of Plymouth merged with the much larger Massachusetts Bay Colony | 77 | |
| 922258773 | Great Puritan Migration | 1629-1642) waves of Puritans (~70,000 total) leaving England for New England & West Indies (Caribbean Islands) due to turmoil in England | 78 | |
| 922258774 | John Winthrop | an educated settler who became the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony due to his belief that he had a "calling" from God to do so - citizens believed had a covenant with God | 79 | |
| 922258775 | freemen | adult males who were in Puritan congregations, later known as Congregational Church | 80 | |
| 922258776 | Bible commonwealth | MBC's political system where laws were based on the bible. Religious leaders had great power & influence and conducted public interrogations of people who claimed to have been converted in order to admit them to the Puritan church | 81 | |
| 922258777 | John Cotton | member of the Puritan clergy who emigrated to MBC to avoid persecution b/c of criticism of English church - devoted his learning to defending government's duty to enforce religious statutes | 82 | |
| 922258778 | Protestant ethic | practiced by spiritually-intense New England Puritans; serious commitment to work and engagement in worldly pursuits | 83 | |
| 922258779 | Anne Hutchinson | intelligent woman who challenged Puritan orthodoxy by arguing that a holy life was no sign of salvation and the truly saved don't need to obey laws (they have already been saved) - assertion known as antinomianism - high heresy | 84 | |
| 922258780 | antinomianism | the teaching that Christians are under no obligation to obey the laws of ethics or morality - belief in which is high heresy in Colonial court | 85 | |
| 922258781 | Roger Williams | a popular Salem extreme Separatist minister who (contrary to the non-Separatist Puritans) wanted to break from the English church, challenged the legality of Bay Colony's charter, denied authority of MBC's government to regulate religion - eventually banished to England and later formed Rhode Island as a religiously-free colony | 86 | |
| 922258782 | Reverend Thomas Hooker | founded Connecticut in 1636 with a group of Boston Puritans | 87 | |
| 922258783 | Fundamental Orders | Connecticut's constitution signed in 1639 establishing a democracy, giving the citizens more political power than in other colonies | 88 | |
| 922258784 | royal charter | a document signed by a monarch that gives an individual or group of individuals rights or power to an institution | 89 | |
| 922258785 | Squanto | an English-speaking Wampanoag who aided Wampanoag-English cultural accommodation | 90 | |
| 922258786 | Metacom (known as King Phillip to English) | son of Massasoit who forged an inter-Indian alliance among all New England tribes in 1675 who launched a series of attacks on English villages | 91 | |
| 922258787 | Massasoit | Wampanoag chieftain who signed a treaty with Pilgrims and celebrated first Thanksgiving | 92 | |
| 922258788 | King Phillip's War | a series of attacks by Wampanoag Indians on colonists that ended when Metacom was defeated and killed by English in 1676 after many successful raids | 93 | |
| 922258789 | results of King Phillip's War | slowed English migrations to N. England, but drastically reduced Indian numbers and prevented them from being real threats thereafter | 94 | |
| 922258790 | Stuart Dynasty (6) and significant events | 1.) James I (1603-1625) - Virginia, Plymouth founded, Separatists persecuted 2.) Charles I (1625-1649) - Civil wars (1642-1649), Massachusetts, Maryland founded 3.) Interregnum (gap) (1649-1660) - Commonwealth; Protectorate (Oliver Cromwell) 4.) Charles II (1660-1685) - the Restoration; Carolinas, Pennsylvania, New York founded, Connecticut chartered 5.) James II (1685-1688) - Catholic trend; Glorious Revolution (1688) 6.) William & Mary (1689-1702 - Mary died 1684) - King William's War (1689-1697) | 95 | |
| 922258791 | New England Confederation | (est. 1643) a banding-together of 4 Puritan New England colonies (MBC, Plymouth, New Haven, scattered Connecticut valley settlements) in order to be able to provide for themselves (b/c England was in Civil War), defense against foes or potential foes (Indians, French, Dutch) | 96 | |
| 922258792 | Dominion of New England | much alike New England Confederation, but ruled from London, and including all of New England, including New York and West Jersey - purpose to embarrass Massachusetts, promote colonial defense in event of war w/Indians, French, Dutch, promote efficiency in administration of English Navigation Laws | 97 | |
| 922258793 | Navigation Laws | statutes passed by England regulating American trade with only countries ruled by England - increased amounts of smuggling common in rebellious colonies | 98 | |
| 922258794 | Sir Edmund Andros | English leader of Dominion of New England, who was very hostile to colonies (expressing affiliation w/hated English Church, curbed important town meetings, heavy restrictions on courts, presses, schools; revoked land rights; taxed citizens without representatives' permission, sought to enforce Navigation Laws and suppress smuggling) | 99 | |
| 922258795 | Glorious (Bloodless) Revolution | (1688-1689) oppressed English citizens overthrow hated Catholic James II, enthroning Protestant Dutch ruler William III and his English wife, Mary (daughter of James) | 100 | |
| 922258796 | results of Glorious Revolution | Massachusetts (also New York and Maryland) revolting, the dissolution of Dominion of New England, Sir Andros sent back to England | 101 | |
| 922258797 | salutary neglect | period of time where the Navigation Laws were weakly enforced by England | 102 | |
| 922258798 | Dutch East India Company | a Dutch colony in the East Indies that maintained an enormous, profitable empire (practically a state - huge army) | 103 | |
| 922258799 | Henry Hudson | an English explorer hired by the Dutch East India Company who claimed the Hudson River for the Netherlands | 104 | |
| 922258800 | Dutch West India Company | less profitable sister company of Dutch East Company located in the Caribbean who raided more than traded | 105 | |
| 922258801 | New Netherland | (est. 1623-1624) modern-day New York established by the Dutch West India Company for fur trade - most famous move to purchase Manhattan from the Indians for pennies per acre | 106 | |
| 922258802 | New Amsterdam | modern-day New York City run by aristocratic Dutch company only for stockholders - freedoms of religion, speech, or democracy were not in place - harsh leaders - anyone who opposed Dutch Reformed Church suspect, and Quakers abused | 107 | |
| 922258803 | patroonships | feudal properties surrounding the Hudson river given to promoters of New Netherland who agreed to have 50 people settle on them - attracted diverse population | 108 | |
| 922258804 | New Sweden | (est. 1638-1655) Swedish colony on the Delaware River planted during Golden Age of Sweden | 109 | |
| 922258805 | Peter Stuyvesant | dubbed "Father Wooden Leg" by Indians - adept Dutch member of directors-general who led a small military expedition to Swedish colony on Delaware, resulting in Swedish colony being absorbed by New Netherland (Dutch resented Swedish intrusion) | 110 | |
| 922258806 | Religious Society of Friends | group of religious dissenters later known as Quakers who arose in England in the 1600's | 111 | |
| 922258807 | William Penn | an Englishman who was attracted to Quakerism, created Pennsylvania in 1681 as a huge grant of cultivatable land from Charles II as a sanctuary for American Quakers searching for refuge | 112 | |
| 922258808 | Protestant Reformation | signaled by Martin Luther in 1517 - a division of the Catholic church into Catholics and Protestants | 113 | |
| 922258809 | predestination | the Calvinist belief that God was all-knowing and knew beforehand who was going to heaven or hell | 114 | |
| 922258810 | the "elect" | according to Calvinist beliefs, the group of people who were chosen by God to have eternal salvation | 115 | |
| 922258811 | Anglican Church | the Church of England | 116 | |
| 922258812 | Pilgrims | a group of Separatists (extreme Puritans) who migrated from England to Holland to America (Plymouth) | 117 | |
| 922258813 | Reverend John Robinson | leader of the Pilgrims during their voyage from Holland to America | 118 | |
| 922258814 | Mayflower | the ship that the Pilgrims took from Holland to America | 119 | |
| 922258815 | Plymouth Bay | settlement site of the Pilgrims | 120 | |
| 922258816 | Wampanoags | also known as Pokanokets; | 121 | |
| 922258817 | Thanksgiving | first Thanksgiving Autumn, 1621 - Pilgrims adopted Amerindians' traditional custom of giving thanks at the time of harvest, believing their survival was God's will (bountiful harvest after harsh winter) | 122 | |
| 922258818 | Massachusetts Bay Colony | founded in 1629 by English Puritans seeking refuge from Charles I & Archbishop Laud's persecution | 123 | |
| 922258819 | Archbishop Laud | religious Englishman who opposed any separation from the Anglican church - led Charles I's anti-Puritan persecution | 124 | |
| 922258820 | covenant theology | John Winthrop believed that Puritans had a covenant with God to lead a new religious experiment in the New World | 125 | |
| 922258821 | Cambridge Platform | 4 Puritan colonies - MBC, Plymouth, Connecticut & New Haven organized a congregational form of church government - beginning of congregationalism | 126 | |
| 922258822 | Quakers | movement of pacifists who believed in an inner light and not in theology who flouted the authority of the Puritan clergy and were persecuted | 127 | |
| 922258823 | "liberty of conscience" | Roger Williams' famous belief that the civil government didn't have the authority to regulate religious behavior and the church alone had responsibility for religious discipline, and no man should have to go to church | 128 | |
| 922258824 | jeremiad | part of the Christian bible taken from the Old Testament prophet Jeremiah that was used by preachers to scold parishioners into being more committed to their faith | 129 | |
| 922258825 | half-way covenant | (1662) - sought to attract move members of the Puritan church by giving partial membership to the unconverted who had been baptized as kids - contributed to the decline of Puritanism | 130 | |
| 922258826 | Salem Witch Trials | (1692) - symbolized decline of the Puritan clergy - young girls accusing older women of being witches and cursing them | 131 | |
| 922258827 | Cotton Mather | one of the most prominent clergymen in Massachusetts who supported the witch trials, continuing to weaken the prestige of the clergy | 132 | |
| 922258828 | Rhode Island | established in 1644 by Roger Williams as a religious haven - complete freedom of religion, manhood suffrage | 133 | |
| 922258829 | Connecticut | established in 1636 by a group of Boston Puritans led by Reverend Thomas Hooker who moved into the Connecticut River Valley area and founded Hartford - Hooker believed MBC gov't was too arbitrary and oppressive | 134 | |
| 922258830 | Charles II | English King who regained power during the Restoration period - granted charter to Connecticut (merging aristocratic New Haven with democratic Hartford), separated NH from MBC, revoked MBC's charter in 1684 in response to resisting royal orders | 135 | |
| 922258831 | mercantilism | the political policy practiced by England that the colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country: wealth, prosperity, self-sufficiency | 136 | |
| 922258832 | "First American Revolution" | triggered by Glorious Revolution - rebellion from NE to Carolinas - Dominion of New England collapsed, Andros fled, salutary neglect | 137 | |
| 922258833 | A Model of Christian Charity | book written by John Winthrop (governor of MBC) explaining covenant theology - included famous quote "we shall build a city upon a hill" | 138 | |
| 922258834 | congregational church | collective term for Puritan churches | 139 | |
| 922258835 | town hall meetings | early staple of democracy - allowed all male property holders to vote and publicly discuss issues - majority rule voting | 140 | |
| 922258836 | "established" | (ex. Congregational Church) - non-church members as well as believers were required to pay taxes to the government-supported church | 141 | |
| 922258837 | perfectionism | policy used by Puritans - sought to create a perfect society based on God's laws - argued from moral standpoint (abolition of slavery, women's rights, education, prohibition, prison reform etc.) | 142 | |
| 922258838 | Harvard College | founded in 1636 to train the Puritan clergy - first college in the colonies | 143 | |
| 922258839 | Massachusetts School of Law | (1642 & 1647) - towns with more than 50 families required to provide elementary education to enable children to read the Bible, making New England the most literate section of the country | 144 |
