(Summary: How the Puritans evolved in the Northern colonies. Religion affected their actions, which in turn further affected religion and settlement) (the Northern colonies are going through the terrible two's and saying 'no' to everyone. This part of the Chapter is about power over the colonies and how it changes hands.) (The Quakers shaped much of the Middle colonies with generally tolerant policy. While their tolerance was essential in peaceful relations with the indigenous people, it also allowed for other Europeans to undermine those same amiable relations.
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| 1604599102 | Calvinism (1536) | John Calvin of Geneva expanded from the work of Martin Luther to create Calvinism. 1536 published work 'Institutes of the Christian Religion'=predestination. Calvinism became the primary theology of New England Puritans & other American settlers. | 0 | |
| 1604599103 | conversion/elect | a powerful experience(had by the elect) in which God revealed their heavenly destiny = visible saints with a conversion story, who then led sanctified lives. | 1 | |
| 1604599104 | 5. Puritans | many from England's woolen district--1500's wool trade hard hit=economically depressed, found solace in the 'certainties' of Calvinism. cause: Puritan's belief that their government was based on a covenant with God effect: Led to restriction of political participation in colonial Massachusetts to "visible saints" | 2 | |
| 1604599105 | Separatists/ Non-separatists (arrived at Plymouth Bay in 1620) (most famously from Holland to the New World in 1608 | Non-separatists believed that the church could be purified from the inside. Separatists = a devout group of Puritans who thought only "visible saints" should be granted membership in church; they didn't want to have to sit in pews with the "damned" so they completely broke off from the Church of England. Many settled in New England Religious exclusivity of the Puritans caused the formation of other colonies, i.e. Rhode Island and Pennsylvania, which were formed for the sanctuary of other religious groups. | 3 | |
| 1604599106 | Mayflower Compact civil body politic | (written by Pilgrim leaders) basis for future constitutions, but orig purpose was to set up crude government. (William Bradford was governor of the Pilgrims.) | 4 | |
| 1604599107 | William Bradford | Governor of the Pilgrims | 5 | |
| 1604599108 | 1. Massachusetts Bay Colony (1629) | formed by non-separatist Puritans. In 1691 the Massachusetts Bay Colony was made a royal colony and shifted from voting that was exclusive to Puritans to voting enjoyed by property-owning men. -the government of this colony sought to enforce God's law on believers and nonbelievers alike General Court: representative assembly of Massachusetts Bay John Winthrop: promoter of the Massachusetts Bay Colony as a holy 'city upon a hill" | 6 | |
| 1604599109 | 10. antinomianism /Anne Hutchinson (1638) | Anne Hutchinson's idea of antinomianism: that the truly 'saved' were above the law of God & the law of humans-- that leading a holy life didn't guarantee salvation. -convicted of heresy of antinomianism | 7 | |
| 1604599110 | 1. Great Migration (1620-1640) | Period of time from 1620-1640 when 70,000 refugees (Puritans) migrated mainly to the West Indies, but also to the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Many came with their families to practice religion freely and make money selling sugar. | 8 | |
| 1604599111 | 8. Roger Williams (1630's) [father of disestablishmentarianism] | He was a religious dissenter in the 1630's who fled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony to the Rhode Island area in 1636. There he built the first Baptist church in America. -Rhode island was said to be "the traditional home of the otherwise-minded" because of the culture of tolerance instilled by Williams early-on. -The colony of Rhode Island was originally a squatter colony(1636), and was granted a charter by Parliament in 1644. | 9 | |
| 1604599112 | 7. Fundamental Orders (1639) | drafted by the Connecticut River Colony, the first "modern constitution" | 10 | |
| 1604599113 | 6. Pequot War (1637) | Wampanoag Indians & Plymouth settlers wiped out Pequot tribe | 11 | |
| 1604599114 | 2. Metacom /King Phillip War (1675) | Metacom, of the Wampanoag tribe, led a massive attack on 52 Puritan towns and destroyed 12 completely (Metacom is Massasoit's son--Massasoit signed a treaty w/Pilgrims in 1621) | 12 | |
| 1604599115 | 9. New England Confederation (1643) | the weak union of Massachusetts & Connecticut colonies in 1643. -the four Puritan colonies banded together for common defense. -one of the first tries at self-government (puritan-run) -during the English Civil War -England was busy and payed less attention. | 13 | |
| 1604599116 | Dominion of England (1686) | royally imposed--main purpose of protecting against enemies and enforcing Navigation Laws. -joined all of New England, NY, and NJ (E&W) -Sir Edmund Andros: taxed = >:( , manipulated assemblies, forced strict adherence to Navigation Laws | 14 | |
| 1604599117 | Navigation Laws (1650) | regulate colonial shipping to give England access to trade with its colonies and control any transaction with other countries. -aimed at rival Dutch shippers trying to elbow their way into the American trade of commercial goods. | 15 | |
| 1604599118 | Glorious (or Bloodless) Revolution (1688-1689) | in England, the people dethroned Catholic King James II. -replaced him with his daughter, Mary II & her husband, Dutch-born Protestant William III. this resulted with the overthrow of Sir Edmund Andros's Dominion of New England | 16 | |
| 1604599119 | salutary neglect (1688-1763) | salutary neglect: the unofficial policy of weakly enforcing the Navigation Laws. -salutary neglect began during the Glorious Revolution in 1688 and continued until the end of the French and Indian war in 1763, when England needed more revenue to repay war-debt. | 17 | |
| 1604599120 | New Netherland (1623/1624) | Hudson River area-Dutch West India Co. (possessed this land since its discovery in 1609) -the Dutch West India Co.'s search for quick profits meant that New Netherland was run as an authoritarian fur-trading venture. | 18 | |
| 1604599121 | 4. New Amsterdam (now NYC) | -this colony was started on the southern tip of the island of Manhattan -set up by Dutch East India Co. on the premise of patroonships: large tracts of land (on the Hudson River of New Netherlands) granted to the wealthy for bringing 50 settlers to live on the land. the 40 yrs of Dutch control have left some marks that remain even today on the capitalist world's financial headquarters | 19 | |
| 1604599122 | 3. Quakers (mid 1600's) | this religious group was characterized by simplicity, pacifism, and dissent. -originated in England 'Religious Society of Friends' -refused to pay taxes to the Church of England refused to take oaths, which caused friction with New World officials who required "test oaths" to determine one wasn't Roman Catholic -refused military service -(bought West NJ in 1647, prior to the Pennsylvania settlement) -persecuted in Massachusetts and NY | 20 | |
| 1604599123 | 3. William Penn/ Pennsylvania (1681) | Pennsylvania=Penn's woods--William Penn got a massiv land grant in 1681 as payment for the $$$ the crown owed his dead father. Penn welcomed all & his liberal land policy enticed many settlers\settlers -his colony's growth was accelerated by the several thousand squatters that were already on the Delaware River. -Penn & the Quakers treated the native people in the area very amicably. However, because the Quakers were tolerant of other religions & peoples, non-Quaker Europeans poured into the area and undermined Quaker policy. | 21 | |
| 1604599124 | blue laws | present throughout the colonies, particularly Puritan New England & Quaker Pennsylvania -- designed to restrict personal behavior (in accordance with a strict code of morality) | 22 | |
| 1604599125 | snapshot 0f 1720 | by 1720, when 17yr-old Benjamin Franklin arrived in Philadelphia, the American colonies were thriving, no longer dependent on England. | 23 | |
| 1604599126 | cause: Charles I's persecution of the Puritans | effect: Spurred formation of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and mass migration to New England | 24 | |
| 1604599127 | cause: Dutch and English creation of vast Hudson Valley estates | effect: secured political control of NY for a few aristocratic families | 25 | |
| 1604599128 | cause: the Puritan persecution of religious dissenters like Roger Williams | effect: led to the founding of rhode island as a haven for unorthodox faiths | 26 | |
| 1604599129 | cause: the English government's persecution of the Quakers cause: William Penn's liberal religious and immigration policies | effect: spurred William Penn's founding of Pennsylvania effect: encouraged large-scale foreign immigration to Pennsylvania | 27 | |
| 1604599130 | cause: the Middle Colonies cultivation of broad, fertile river valleys | effect: encouraged the development of Pennsylvania, NY, and NJ as rich, grain-growing "bread colonies" | 28 | |
| 1604599131 | New England: | MA, CT, RI, VT town meetings, congregations | 29 | |
| 1604599132 | Middle colonies: | Penn, NY, Delaware, NJ | 30 | |
| 1604599133 | South Colonies: | VA, MD, NC, SC, GA (Caribbean) indigo, rice, tobacco--cotton didn't come until the 1800's aristocracy | 31 | |
| 1604599134 | John Calvin | a Swiss theologian who taught the doctrine of predestination | 32 | |
| 1604599135 | Martin Luther | German monk who began Protestant reformation with his 99 theses | 33 | |
| 1604599136 | 5. Plymouth | small colony that eventually merged into Massachusetts Bay | 34 | |
| 1604599137 | Peter Stuyvesant | conqueror of New Sweden--later lost New Netherlands to the English | 35 |
