Anderson AP Bio
Terms : Hide Images
| 568477744 | Alveolus | One of the dead-end, multilobed air sacs where gas exchange occurs in a mammalian lung. | |
| 568477745 | Amphibian | Member of the tetrapod class Amphibia, including salamanders, frogs, and caecilians. | |
| 568477746 | Arteriole | A vessel that conveys blood between an artery and a capillary bed. | |
| 568477747 | Artery | A vessel that carries blood away from the heart to organs throughout the body. | |
| 568477748 | Atheroclerosis | A cardiovascular disease in which fatty deposits called plaques develop in the inner walls of the arteries, obstructing the arteries and causing them to harden. | |
| 568477749 | Atrioventricular (AV) Node | A region of specialized heart muscle tissue between the left and right atria where electrical impulses are delayed for about 0.1 second before spreading to both ventricles and causing them to contract. | |
| 568477750 | Atrioventricular (AV) Valve | A heart valve located between each atrium and ventricle that prevents a backflow of blood when the ventricle contracts. | |
| 568477751 | Atrium | A chamber of the vertebrate heart that receives blood from the veins and transfers blood to a ventricle. | |
| 568477752 | B Cells | The lymphocytes that complete their development in the bone marrow and become effector cells for the humoral immune response. | |
| 568477753 | Blood | A connective tissue with a fluid matrix called plasma in which red blood cells, white blood cells, and cell fragments called platelets are suspended. | |
| 568477754 | Body Plan | In animals, a set of morphological and developmental traits that are integrated into a functional whole—the living animal. | |
| 568477755 | Bohr Shift | A lowering of the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, caused by a drop in pH. It facilitates the release of oxygen from hemoglobin in the vicinity of active tissues. | |
| 568477756 | Breathing | Ventilation of the lungs through alternating inhalation and exhalation. | |
| 568477757 | Breathing Control Center | A brain center that directs the activity of organs involved in breathing. | |
| 568477758 | Bronchiole | A fine branch of the bronchi that transports air to alveoli. | |
| 568477759 | Bronchus | One of a pair of breathing tubes that branch from the trachea into the lungs. | |
| 568477760 | Capillary | A microscopic blood vessel that penetrates the tissues and consists of a single layer of endothelial cells that allows exchange between the blood and interstitial fluid. | |
| 568477761 | Capillary Bed | A network of capillaries in a tissue or organ. | |
| 568477762 | Cardiac Cycle | The alternating contractions and relaxations of the heart. | |
| 568477763 | Cardiac Output | The volume of blood pumped per minute by each ventricle of the heart. | |
| 568477764 | Cardiovascular System | A closed circulatory system with a heart and branching network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. The system is characteristic of vertebrates. | |
| 568477765 | Closed Circulatory System | A circulatory system in which blood is confined to vessels and is kept separate from the interstitial fluid. | |
| 568477766 | Counter Current Exchange | The exchange of a substance or heat between two fluids flowing in opposite directions. | |
| 568477767 | Diaphram | (1) A sheet of muscle that forms the bottom wall of the thoracic cavity in mammals. Contraction of the diaphragm pulls air into the lungs. (2) A dome-shaped rubber cup fitted into the upper portion of the vagina before sexual intercourse. It serves as a physical barrier to the passage of sperm into the uterus. | |
| 568477768 | Diastole | The stage of the cardiac cycle in which a heart chamber is relaxed and fills with blood. | |
| 568477769 | Diastolic Pressure | Blood pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are relaxed. | |
| 568477770 | Double Circulation | A circulatory system consisting of separate pulmonary and systemic circuits, in which blood passes through the heart after completing each circuit. | |
| 568477771 | Elctrocardiogram | A record of the electrical impulses that travel through heart muscle during the cardiac cycle. | |
| 568477772 | Endothelin | A peptide produced by a blood vessel's endothelium that causes the vessel to constrict. | |
| 568477773 | Endothelium | The simple squamous layer of cells lining the lumen of blood vessels. | |
| 568477774 | Erythrocyte | A blood cell that contains hemoglobin, which transports oxygen; also called a red blood cell. | |
| 568477775 | Erythropoietin (EPO) | A hormone that stimulates the production of erythrocytes. It is secreted by the kidney when body tissues do not receive enough oxygen. | |
| 568477776 | Fibrin | The activated form of the blood-clotting protein fibrinogen. Fibrin aggregates into threads that form the fabric of the clot. | |
| 568477777 | Gas Exchange | The uptake of molecular oxygen from the environment and the discharge of carbon dioxide to the environment. | |
| 568477778 | Heart | A muscular pump that uses metabolic energy to elevate the hydrostatic pressure of the circulatory fluid (blood or hemolymph). The fluid then flows down a pressure gradient through the body and eventually returns to the heart. | |
| 568477779 | Heart Attack | The damage or death of cardiac muscle tissue resulting from prolonged blockage of one or more coronary arteries. | |
| 568477780 | Heart Murmur | A hissing sound that most often results from blood squirting backward through a leaky valve in the heart. | |
| 568477781 | Heart Rate | The frequency of heart contraction | |
| 568477782 | Hemoglobin | An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds oxygen. | |
| 568477783 | Hemolymph | In invertebrates with an open circulatory system, the body fluid that bathes tissues. | |
| 568477784 | High-density Lipoprotein | A particle in the blood made up of cholesterol and other lipids surrounded by a single layer of phospholipids in which proteins are embedded. | |
| 568477785 | Hypertension | A disorder in which blood pressure remains abnormally high. | |
| 568477786 | Interstitial Fluid | The fluid filling the spaces between cells in an animal. | |
| 568477787 | Larynx | The portion of the respiratory tract containing the vocal cords; also called the voice box. | |
| 568477788 | Leukocyte | A blood cell that functions in fighting infections; also called a white blood cell. | |
| 568477789 | Low-density Lipoprotein | A particle in the blood made up of cholesterol and other lipids surrounded by a single layer of phospholipids in which proteins are embedded. | |
| 568477790 | Lung | An infolded respiratory surface of a terrestrial vertebrate, land snail, or spider that connects to the atmosphere by narrow tubes. | |
| 568477791 | Lymph | The colorless fluid, derived from interstitial fluid, in the lymphatic system of vertebrates. | |
| 568477792 | Lymph Node | An organ located along a lymph vessel. Lymph nodes filter lymph and contain cells that attack viruses and bacteria. | |
| 568477793 | Lymphatic System | A system of vessels and nodes, separate from the circulatory system, that returns fluid, proteins, and cells to the blood | |
| 568477794 | Lymphocyte | A type of white blood cell that mediates acquired immunity. The two main classes are B cells and T cells. | |
| 568477795 | Mucus | A viscous and slippery mixture of glycoproteins, cells, salts, and water that moistens and protects the membranes lining body cavities that open to the exterior. | |
| 568477796 | Myoglobin | An oxygen-storing, pigmented protein in muscle cells. | |
| 568477797 | Negative Pressure Breathing | A breathing system in which air is pulled into the lungs. | |
| 568477798 | Nitric Oxcide (NO) | A gas produced by many types of cells that functions as a local regulator and as a neurotransmitter. | |
| 568477799 | Open Circulatory System | A circulatory system in which fluid called hemolymph bathes the tissues and organs directly and there is no distinction between the circulating fluid and the interstitial fluid. | |
| 568477800 | Partial Pressure | The pressure exerted by a particular gas in a mixture of gases (for instance, the pressure exerted by oxygen in air). | |
| 568477801 | Plasma | The liquid matrix of blood in which the cells are suspended. | |
| 568477802 | Platelet | A pinched-off cytoplasmic fragment of a specialized bone marrow cell. Platelets circulate in the blood and are important in blood clotting. | |
| 568477803 | Positive Pressure Breathing | A breathing system in which air is forced into the lungs. | |
| 568477804 | Pulmocutaneous Circuit | A branch of the circulatory system in many amphibians that supplies the lungs and skin. | |
| 568477805 | Pulmonary Circuit | The branch of the circulatory system that supplies the lungs. | |
| 568477806 | Pulse | The rhythmic bulging of the artery walls with each heartbeat. | |
| 568477807 | Residual Volume | The amount of air that remains in the lungs after forceful exhalation. | |
| 568477808 | Rspiratory Pigment | A protein that transports oxygen in blood or hemolymph. | |
| 568477809 | Semilunar Valve | A valve located at each exit of the heart, where the aorta leaves the left ventricle and the pulmonary artery leaves the right ventricle. | |
| 568477810 | Single Circulation | A circulatory system consisting of a single pump and circuit, in which blood passes from the sites of gas exchange to the rest of the body before returning to the heart. | |
| 568477811 | Sinoatrial (SA) Node | A region in the right atrium of the heart that sets the rate and timing at which all cardiac muscle cells contract; the pacemaker. | |
| 568477812 | Stem Cell | Any relatively unspecialized cell that can produce, during a single division, one identical daughter cell and one more specialized daughter cell that can undergo further differentiation. | |
| 568477813 | Stroke | The death of nervous tissue in the brain, usually resulting from rupture or blockage of arteries in the head. | |
| 568477814 | Stroke Volume | The volume of blood pumped by a heart ventricle in a single contraction. | |
| 568477815 | Surfactant | A substance secreted by alveoli that decreases surface tension in the fluid that coats the alveoli. | |
| 568477816 | Systemic System | The branch of the circulatory system that supplies all body organs except those involved in gas exchange. | |
| 568477818 | Systole | The stage of the cardiac cycle in which a heart chamber contracts and pumps blood. | |
| 568477820 | Systolic Pressure | Blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles. | |
| 568477821 | Thrombus | A fibrin-containing clot that forms in a blood vessel and blocks the flow of blood. | |
| 568477823 | Tidal Volume | The volume of air a mammal inhales and exhales with each breath. | |
| 568477824 | Tranchea | The portion of the respiratory tract that passes from the larynx to the bronchi; also called the windpipe. | |
| 568477826 | Trancheal System | In insects, a system of branched, air-filled tubes that extends throughout the body and carries oxygen directly to cells. | |
| 568477828 | Trans Fat | An unsaturated fat containing one or more trans double bonds. | |
| 568477829 | Vasoconsriction | A decrease in the diameter of blood vessels caused by contraction of smooth muscles in the vessel walls. | |
| 568477831 | Vasolidation | An increase in the diameter of blood vessels caused by relaxation of smooth muscles in the vessel walls. | |
| 568477832 | Vein | (1) In animals, a vessel that carries blood toward the heart. (2) In plants, a vascular bundle in a leaf. | |
| 568477834 | Ventilation | The flow of air or water over a respiratory surface. | |
| 568477836 | Ventricle | 1) A heart chamber that pumps blood out of the heart. (2) A space in the vertebrate brain, filled with cerebrospinal fluid. | |
| 568477837 | Venule | A vessel that conveys blood between a capillary bed and a vein. | |
| 568477838 | Vital Capacity | The maximum volume of air that a mammal can inhale and exhale with each breath. | |
| 568477839 | Vocal Cord | One of a pair of bands of elastic tissue in the larynx. Air rushing past the tensed vocal cords makes them vibrate, producing sounds. |
