Review of vocabulary from chapter 48 of Eighth Edition AP Biology (Campbell, Reece)
Terms : Hide Images
| 86246004 | Neurons | Nerve cells that transfer information within the body | 86246004 | |
| 86246005 | Sensory Neurons | Transmit information from eyes and other sensors that detect external stimuli | 86246005 | |
| 86246006 | Interneurons | Make only local connections | 86246006 | |
| 86246007 | Motor Neurons | Transmit signals to muscle cells, causing them to contract | 86246007 | |
| 86246008 | Central Nervous System (CNS) | Includes the brain and a longitudinal nerve cord | 86246008 | |
| 86246009 | Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | Carries information into and out of the CNS | 86246009 | |
| 86246010 | Cell Body | Contains most of a neuron's organelles and its nucleus | 86246010 | |
| 86246011 | Dendrites | highly branched extensions that receive signals from other neurons | 86246011 | |
| 86246012 | Axon | A long extension that transmits signals to other cells | 86246012 | |
| 86246013 | Axon Hillock | Cone shaped region of an axon where it joins the cell body | 86246013 | |
| 86246014 | Synapse | The end of an axon that transmits information | 86246014 | |
| 86246015 | Synaptic Terminal | The part of each axon branch that forms a special connection | 86246015 | |
| 86246016 | Neurotransmitters | Pass information from the transmitting neuron to the receiving cell | 86246016 | |
| 86246017 | Presynaptic Cell | the transmitting neuron in a synapse | 86246017 | |
| 86246018 | Postsynaptic Cell | The neuron, muscle, or gland cell that receives the signal | 86246018 | |
| 86246019 | Membrane Potential | A voltage across a cell's plasma membrane | 86246019 | |
| 86246020 | Resting Potential | The membrane potential of a neuron that is not sending signals | 86246020 | |
| 86246021 | Ion Channels | Pores formed by clusters of specialized proteins that span the membrane | 86246021 | |
| 86246022 | Equilibrium Potential | The magnitude of the membrane voltage at equilibrium for a particular ion | 86246022 | |
| 86246023 | Gated Ion Channels | Protein channels that open or close in response to stimuli | 86246023 | |
| 86246024 | Hyperpolarization | The increase in the magnitude of the membrane potential | 86246024 | |
| 86246025 | Depolarization | Reduction in the magnitude of the membrane potential- involves gated sodium channels | 86246025 | |
| 86246026 | Voltage-Gated Ion Channels | Channels that open or close in response to a change in the membrane potential | 86246026 | |
| 86246027 | Action Potential | A massive change in membrane voltage | 86246027 | |
| 86246028 | Threshold | The particular value to which a depolarization increases, causing an action potential | 86246028 | |
| 86246029 | Refractory Period | The "downtime" following an action potential | 86246029 | |
| 86246030 | Myelin Sheath | A layer of electrical insulation that surrounds the axon | 86246030 | |
| 86246031 | Oligodendrocytes | Type of glia in the CNS | 86246031 | |
| 86246032 | Schwann Cells | Type of glia in the PNS | 86246032 | |
| 86246033 | Nodes of Ranvier | Gaps in the Myelin sheath to which voltage-gated sodium channels are confined | 86246033 | |
| 86246034 | Saltatory Conduction | The inward current produced during the rising phase of an action potential that travels from one node to the next | 86246034 | |
| 86246035 | Synaptic Vesicles | Membrane-bounded compartments in which synthesized neurotransmitters are kept | 86246035 | |
| 86246036 | Synaptic Cleft | The narrow gap that separates the presynaptic neuron from the postsynaptic cell | 86246036 | |
| 86246037 | Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials (EPSPs) | Depolarizations that bring the membrane potential back toward threshold | 86246037 | |
| 86246038 | Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials (IPSPs) | Hyperpolarizations that move the membrane potential away from threshold | 86246038 | |
| 86246039 | Temporal Summation | Two or more presynaptic impulses arrive in rapid succession and impulses summate (two different times add up) | 86246039 | |
| 86246040 | Spatial Summation | Integration by a postsynaptic neuron of inputs (EPSPs and IPSPs) from multiple sources. | 86246040 | |
| 86246041 | Acetylcholine | Common vertebrate neurotransmitter that creates an EPSP (excitatory everywhere but the heart) | 86246041 | |
| 86246042 | Biogenic Amines | Neurotransmitters derived from amino acids | 86246042 | |
| 86246043 | Serotonin | A biogenic amine synthesized from tryptophan | 86246043 | |
| 86246044 | Dopamine | A catecholamine that acts only as a neurotransmitter | 86246044 | |
| 86246045 | Epinephrine and Norepinephrine | Both neurotransmitters and hormones | 86246045 | |
| 86246046 | Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) | An inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain | 86246046 | |
| 86246047 | Glutamate | Excitatory- most common neurotransmitter in the brain | 86246047 | |
| 86246048 | Neuropeptides | Relatively short chains of amino acids that act as neurotransmitters that act via signal transduction pathways | 86246048 | |
| 86246049 | Substance P | An excitatory neurotransmitter that mediates perception of pain | 86246049 | |
| 86246050 | Endorphins | Natural analgesics that decrease pain perception | 86246050 |
