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Chapter 4 - AP Biology Flashcards

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7274085348Organic ChemistryThe study of carbon compounds0
7274085349HydrocarbonsAn organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.1
7274085350IsomerOne of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties.2
7274085351Structural IsomerCompounds with the same molecular formula but different covalent arrangement of atoms.3
7274085352Geometric (cis-trans) IsomerIsomers with the same covalent partnerships but different spatial arrangements of atoms around a carbon=carbon double bond.4
7274085353EnantiomerMolecules that are mirror images of each other.5
7274085354Functional GroupsA specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.6
7274085355Hydroxyl GroupA chemical group consisting of an oxygen atom joined to a hydrogen atom. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.7
7274085356Amino GroupA chemical group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms can act as a base in solution, accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of 1⁺8
7274085357Carboxyl GroupA chemical group consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group9
7274085358Phosphate GroupA chemical group consisting of a phosphate atom bonded to four oxygen atoms; important in energy transfer.10
7274085359Sulfhydryl GroupA chemical group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom.11
7274085360AlcoholOrganic compounds containing hydroxyl groups12
7274085361Carbonyl GroupA functional group present in aldehydes and ketones consisting of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom.13
7274085362AldehydeAn organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon chain.14
7274085363KetoneAn organic molecule with a carbonyl group located in the middle of the carbon chain.15
7274085364Carboxylic AcidAn organic compound containing a carboxyl group.16
7274085365AmineAn organic compound containing an amino group.17
7274085366ThiolAn organic compound containing a sulfhydryl group.18
7274085367Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive reactions in cells.19

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