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Chapter 4 - AP Biology Flashcards

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7406177234Organic ChemistryThe study of carbon compounds0
7406177235HydrocarbonsAn organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.1
7406177236IsomerOne of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties.2
7406177237Structural IsomerCompounds with the same molecular formula but different covalent arrangement of atoms.3
7406177238Geometric (cis-trans) IsomerIsomers with the same covalent partnerships but different spatial arrangements of atoms around a carbon=carbon double bond.4
7406177239EnantiomerMolecules that are mirror images of each other.5
7406177240Functional GroupsA specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.6
7406177241Hydroxyl GroupA chemical group consisting of an oxygen atom joined to a hydrogen atom. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.7
7406177242Amino GroupA chemical group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms can act as a base in solution, accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of 1⁺8
7406177243Carboxyl GroupA chemical group consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group9
7406177244Phosphate GroupA chemical group consisting of a phosphate atom bonded to four oxygen atoms; important in energy transfer.10
7406177245Sulfhydryl GroupA chemical group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom.11
7406177246AlcoholOrganic compounds containing hydroxyl groups12
7406177247Carbonyl GroupA functional group present in aldehydes and ketones consisting of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom.13
7406177248AldehydeAn organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon chain.14
7406177249KetoneAn organic molecule with a carbonyl group located in the middle of the carbon chain.15
7406177250Carboxylic AcidAn organic compound containing a carboxyl group.16
7406177251AmineAn organic compound containing an amino group.17
7406177252ThiolAn organic compound containing a sulfhydryl group.18
7406177253Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive reactions in cells.19

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