AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!

Chapter 4 - AP Biology Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
7288591075Organic ChemistryThe study of carbon compounds0
7288591076HydrocarbonsAn organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.1
7288591077IsomerOne of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties.2
7288591078Structural IsomerCompounds with the same molecular formula but different covalent arrangement of atoms.3
7288591079Geometric (cis-trans) IsomerIsomers with the same covalent partnerships but different spatial arrangements of atoms around a carbon=carbon double bond.4
7288591080EnantiomerMolecules that are mirror images of each other.5
7288591081Functional GroupsA specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.6
7288591082Hydroxyl GroupA chemical group consisting of an oxygen atom joined to a hydrogen atom. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.7
7288591083Amino GroupA chemical group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms can act as a base in solution, accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of 1⁺8
7288591084Carboxyl GroupA chemical group consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group9
7288591085Phosphate GroupA chemical group consisting of a phosphate atom bonded to four oxygen atoms; important in energy transfer.10
7288591086Sulfhydryl GroupA chemical group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom.11
7288591087AlcoholOrganic compounds containing hydroxyl groups12
7288591088Carbonyl GroupA functional group present in aldehydes and ketones consisting of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom.13
7288591089AldehydeAn organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon chain.14
7288591090KetoneAn organic molecule with a carbonyl group located in the middle of the carbon chain.15
7288591091Carboxylic AcidAn organic compound containing a carboxyl group.16
7288591092AmineAn organic compound containing an amino group.17
7288591093ThiolAn organic compound containing a sulfhydryl group.18
7288591094Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive reactions in cells.19

Need Help?

We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.

For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.

If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.

Need Notes?

While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!