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| 4354930242 | Christianity | - religion based on the person or teachings of Jesus of Nazareth - back then, people who believed in this religion were persecuted. However, emperor Theodosius made Christianity the official religion of Rome, which was enough to preserve the religion as a faith that would help to organize the chaos when political power failed. | 0 | |
| 4354935554 | Jesus of Nazareth | - Jewish prophet Christians regard as the son of God - Lived during Augustus' time and advocated for purification of the Jewish religion that would establish the kingdom of God on Earth. What made this new religion appealing was his message of moral code based on love, charity and humility, and not on possessions and money. His death in 30 CE and resurrection became central to the new faith. | 1 | |
| 4354942347 | Thervada (Hinayana) | - beliefs include strict, individual path to enlightenment; apparently the pure form of Buddha's teaching, and doesn't believe that the Enlightened One was anything other than the mortal man. - emphasizes monastic life for both men and women. It's a relatively small branch that is spread mainly to Southeast Asia. | 2 | |
| 4354944706 | Mahayana | - belief that Siddhartha Gautama took inital steps toward defining religion and that other Buddhas appeared after him; Buddha is seen as god. - this version is much more accepting of different lifestyles and paths to nirvana. As it traveled to toher lands, it often absorbed concepts from other native religions. It became established in central Asia, China, Japan and Korea. | 3 | |
| 4354957554 | Xiao | - Confucian concept of respect for one's parents and ancestors - obliges children to respect parents and obey family elders, look after welfare, support them in old age and remember them as revered ancestors after their deaths. | 4 | |
| 4354960321 | Ren | - the five basic relations, should be characterized by ren, or kindness and benevolence. - Confucius believed that the Chinese government desperately needed ren in its relationship with subjects and other states. | 5 | |
| 4354964516 | Li | - Confucian concept, sense of propriety - requires people to treat one another according to convention; puts emphasis on orderly rituals that demonstrate respect and reciprocity in relationships. | 6 | |
| 4354969803 | Four Noble Truths | - Foundation of Buddhist thought: 1) life is pain 2) pain is caused by desire 3) elimination of desire will bring an end to pain 4) living a life based on the Noble Eightfold Path will eliminate desire. - one of the most important concepts in Buddhism; this kind of thinking brought large mass numbers of adherents. | 7 | |
| 4354974979 | Noble Eightfold Path | - final truth of Buddhist Four Noble Truths that called for leading of balance and constant contemplation - encourages individuals to lead balanced and moderate lives, rejecting both devotion to luxury often found in human society and regimes of extreme asceticism favored by hermits and Jains. | 8 | |
| 4354980745 | universalizing religion | - religion that attempts to operate on a global scale and to appeal to all people wherever they reside. - Christianity and Buddhism are examples of universalizing religions. The two religions followed the Silk Road and Indian Ocean circuit and the number of adherents grew greatly. There was great growth before 500 CE, putting them in the position of becoming new sources of "societal glue" that would hold broad areas with varying political allegiances. | 9 | |
| 4354988045 | ethnic religion | - generally defined by ethnicity of adherents, and conversion essentially equates to cultural assimilation into that ethnoreligious group. - Judaism, Hinduism and Chinese religions are examples of ethnic religions; created strong bonds among people but had little emphasis on converting outsiders to their faiths. | 10 | |
| 4354991199 | Judaism | - monotheistic religion of the Jews - belief that God set high standards for ethical conduct and moral behavior was also powerful that set Hebrews apart from other early religious and has endured through the ages | 11 | |
| 4354993943 | diaspora | - people who have settled from their original homeland but who still share some measure of ethnic identity - the Hebrews suffered a diaspora, which spread them to many parts of the earth. The religion survived through, which led to influence the start of major religions such as Christianity and Islam. The importance of monotheism as a religious concept is emphasized. | 12 | |
| 4354999899 | Zoroastrianism | - official religion of Persian Empire based on teachings of Zoroaster - religion faded as Empire weakened, but beliefs influenced other, more long-lasting monotheistic religion | 13 | |
| 4355002989 | Abraham | - a man born in Ur in Mesopotamia who rejected polytheism of homeland and migrated with family to land of Israel, on eastern shore of Mediterranean Sea. - founder of Judaism | 14 |
