4.1 Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds.
4.2 Carbon atoms can form diverse molecules by bonding to four other atoms.
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| 455186830 | How does carbon enter the biosphere? | through the action of plants, which use solar energy to transform atmospheric CO2 into the molecules of life. Then these molecules are passed along to animals that feed on plants. | |
| 455186831 | carbons paralleled ability | carbon has the aility to form molecules that are large, complex, and diverse. | |
| 455186832 | ... | protiens, dna, carbohydrates, and othervmolecules that distinguish living matter from inanimate material are all composed of carbon atomsbonded to one another and to atoms of other elements. | |
| 455186833 | organic chemistry | the branch of chemistry that specializes in the study of carbon compounds, regardless of origin. the foundation of the unique versatility of the element carbon. | |
| 455186834 | ... | most organic compounds contain hydrogen atoms in addition to carbon attoms. | |
| 455186835 | vitalism | the belief in a life forced outside the jurisdiction of physical and chemical laws, provided the foundation for the new discipline of organic chemistry. Crumbled completely after several decades of laboratory synthesis of some increasingly complex organic compounds. | |
| 455186836 | stanley miller | 1953, helped bring abiotic (nonliving) synthesis of organic conpounds into the context of evolution in a classic. His and other scientists' experiments support the idea that abiotic synthesis of organic compounds could have been an early stage in the origin of life. | |
| 455186837 | mechanism | the view that physical and chemical laws govern all natural phenomena, including the process of life. | |
| 455186838 | what produces most of the naturally occuring compunds? | organisms, and these molecules represent a diversity and range of complexity unrivaled by inorganic compunds. | |
| 455186839 | how many electrons does carbon have? | 6, with 2 in the front electron shell and 4 in the second shell. Having 4 valence electrons in a shell that hold 8, carbon would have to donate or acct 4 electrons to complete its valence shell and become an ion. | |
| 455186840 | tetravalence * | one facet of carbon's versatility that makes large, complex molecules possible. when | |
| 455186841 | Methane* | when a carbon atom has four single bonds to other atoms, the molecule is tetrahedral CH4 | |
| 455186842 | Ethane | A molecule may have more than one tetrahedral group of single-bonded atoms. (Ethane contains of two such groups) | |
| 455186843 | Ethene (ethylene) | When two carbon atoms are joined by a double bond, all atoms attached to theose carbons are in the same plane,; the molecule is flat. | |
| 455186844 | hydrocarbons | organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen. | |
| 455186845 | isomers | compunds that have the same numbers of atoms of the same elements but different structures and hence differennt properties. | |
| 455552030 | structural isomers* | differ in the covalent arrangments of their atoms. | |
| 455552031 | geometric isomers | have the same covalent partnerships, but they differ in their spatial arrangmets. | |
| 455552032 | enantiomers | isomers that are mirror images of each other | |
| 455552033 | functional groups | the chemical groups that affect molecular function by being directly involved in chemical reactions; |
