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| 988959258 | corinthian | Along with Doric and Ionian, distinct style of Hellenistic architecture; the most ornate of the three styles. | 1 | |
| 988959259 | solon | Athenian reformer of the 6th century; established laws that eased the burden of debt on farmers, forbade enslavement for debt | 2 | |
| 988959260 | sophocles | Greek writer of tragedies; author of Oedipus Rex | 3 | |
| 988959261 | plato | (430-347 BCE) Was a disciple of Socrates whose cornerstone of thought was his theory of Forms, in which there was another world of perfection. | 4 | |
| 988959262 | persian wars | Conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, ranging from the Ionian Revolt (499-494 B.C.E.) through Darius's punitive expedition that failed at Marathon. Chronicled by Herodotus. (131) | 5 | |
| 988959263 | socrates | (470-399 BCE) An Athenian philosopher who thought that human beings could lead honest lives and that honor was far more important than wealth, fame, or other superficial attributes. | 6 | |
| 988959264 | stoics | Adherents of this Greek philosophy emphasized an inner moral independence cultivated by strict discipline and personal bravery. | 7 | |
| 988959265 | Alexander the great | (356 BCE-323 BCE) He conquered most of the ancient world from Asia Minor to Egypt and India, which began the Hellenistic culture which was a blending of Greek, Persian, Indian, and Egyptian influences. | 8 | |
| 988959266 | cyrus the great | A remarkable leader who managed to reunite he Persian Empire in a powerful kingdom. Under Cyrus, Persia began building an empire larger than any yet seen in the world | 9 | |
| 988959267 | Persian innovations | they had the first postal service | 10 | |
| 988959268 | zoroastrianism | A religion originating in ancient Iran (classical era Persia) with the prophet Zoroaster. It centered on a single benevolent deity-Ahuramazda, Emphasizing truth-telling, purity, and reverence for nature, the religion demanded that humans choose sides between good and evil. Would influence other monotheistic religions. Faded in competition with Islam. | 11 | |
| 988959269 | olympic games | Festival and athletic contests held at Olympia in honor of Zeus in which all Greek city-states sent representatives. | 12 | |
| 988959270 | pericles | (495? BCE-429? BCE) Athenian statesman. He was the central ruler of Athens during its golden age. He was the central patron behind many of their achievements. He was also a very skilled speaker. Athens City-State of Ancient Greece and center of Greek golden age that occurred in the 5th century BCE. | 13 | |
| 988959271 | peloponnesian wars | 431-404 BCE wars between Athens and Sparta for dominance in southern Greec | 14 | |
| 988959272 | philip ii | A king of Macedonia who ended Greek independence as a result of advanced military tactics. He organized his armies into phalanxes of 16 across and 16 deep, each one armed with an 18-foot pike. Used this heavy formation to break through enemy lines. Then he sent in fast-moving cavalry to finish the job. Even a combined force of two city-states, Athens and Thebes, could not stand a chance. After conquering Greece, he sought to invade Persia but never got the chance because he was stabbed at his daughter's wedding. | 15 | |
| 988959273 | hellenistic period | 23-30 BC this period is usually reckoned from the death of Alexander. It was melodramatic, ornate and filled with dynamic energy | 16 | |
| 988959274 | alexandria, egypt | Which Egyptian city was is the location of the Greco-Roman museum, the Roman theatre, Montazah Palace and the boardwalk? | 17 | |
| 988959275 | punic wars | A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 B.C.); resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean. | 18 | |
| 988959276 | roman republic | The period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate. (p. 148) | 19 | |
| 988959277 | carthage | City located in present-day Tunisia, founded by Phoenicians ca. 800 B.C.E. It became a major commercial center and naval power in the western Mediterranean until defeated by Rome in the third century B.C.E. (p. 107) | 20 | |
| 988959278 | hannibal | Carthaginian military commander who, in the Second Punic War, attempted a surprise attack on Rome, crossing the Alps with a large group of soldiers, horses, and elephants. | 21 | |
| 988959279 | julius caesar | 100-44 BC. Roman general who ended Roman Republic. Conquered Gaul with his powerful army. Made himself Roman dictator in 46 BC. Assassinated by Brutus and others in 44 BC because he was too powerful. | 22 | |
| 988959280 | augustus caesar | The first empreror of Rome, the adopted son of Julius Caesar, help Rome come into Pax Romana, or the Age of Roman Peace | 23 | |
| 988959281 | diocletian | (245-313) Emperor of Rome who was responsible for dividing Rome into different provinces and districts. Eventually, the eastern portions of the Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire. | 24 | |
| 988959282 | constantine | (274 CE - 337 CE) Roman Emperor between 306 CE and 337 CE. He issued the Edict of Milan which outlawed the persecution of Christians. He also founded the city of Constantinople, the future capital of the Byzantine Empire. | 25 | |
| 988959283 | polis | A city-state in ancient Greece | 26 | |
| 988959284 | direct democracy | A system of government in which members of the polity meet to discuss all policy decisions and then agree to abide by majority rule. | 27 | |
| 988959285 | senate | assembly of roman aristrocrats | 28 | |
| 988959286 | consuls | Two officials from the patrician class were appointed each year of the Roman Republic to supervise the government and command the armies | 29 | |
| 988959287 | cicero | A Roman senator renowned for his oratorical skill. Cicero speaks at Caesar's triumphal parade. He later dies at the order of Antony, Octavius, and Lepidus. | 30 | |
| 988959288 | aristotle | A Greek Philosopher, taught Alexander the Great, started a famous school, studied with Plato | 31 | |
| 988959289 | illiad | Homer's poem narrates a dispute between Agamemnon the king and his warrior Achilles, whose honor is wounded and then avenged | 32 | |
| 988959290 | odyssey | a Greek epic poem (attributed to Homer) describing the journey of Odysseus after the fall of Troy | 33 | |
| 988959291 | doric,Ionian and Corinthian | Along with Ionian and Corinthian; distinct style of Hellenistic architecture; the least ornate of the three styles, a plain, sturdy column with a plain capital | 34 | |
| 988959292 | aristophanes | Greek writer and comtemporary of Sophocles and Euripides. Was the "Father of Comedy" - used satire and fantasy to challenge problematic situations. Most famous: The Archarnians and The Lysistrata | 35 | |
| 988959293 | macedon | Acts 20:1 - After the uproar ceased, Paul sent for the disciples, and after encouraging them, he said farewell and departed for Macedonia. | 36 | |
| 988959294 | helots | Slaves to the Spartans that revolted and nearly destroyed Sparta in 650 B.C.E. | 37 | |
| 988959295 | ptolomies | successors of Alexander and the last pharoahs who led Egypt to become part of the Roman Empire | 38 | |
| 988959296 | oracle at delphi | Person representing the god Apollo; allegedly received cryptic messages from the god that had predictive value if the seeker could correctly interpret the communication | 39 | |
| 988959297 | pisastratus | Athenian tyrant of the 6th century B.C.E.; gained popular support against traditional aristocratic councils of Athenian government. | 40 | |
| 988959298 | antigonids | one of the regional dynasties that followed the death of Alexander the Great; founded in Macedonia and Greece | 41 |
