Campbell 9e biology
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| 139332215 | Community | A group of populations of different species living close enough to interact. | |
| 139332216 | Interspecific Interactions | Includes competition, predation, herbivory, symbiosis, mutualism, and commensalism, and facilitation. | |
| 139332217 | Interspecific Competition | is a -/- interaction that occurs when individuals of different species compete for a resource that limits their growth and survival. | |
| 139332218 | Competitive Exclusion | The concept that when populations of two similar species compete for the same limited resources, one population will use the resources more efficiently and have a reproductive advantage that will eventually lead to the elimination of the other population. | |
| 139332219 | Ecological Niche | The sum of a species' use of the biotic and abiotic resources in its environment. | |
| 139332220 | Resource Partitioning | The differentiation of niches that enables similar species to coexist in a community. | |
| 141237645 | Character Displacement | The tendency for characteristics to be more divergent in sympatric populations of two species than in allopatric populations of the same two species. | |
| 141237646 | Predation | Refers to a +/- interaction between species in which one species, the predator, kills and eats the other, the prey. | |
| 141237647 | Cryptic Coloration | Camouflage, makes prey difficult to see. | |
| 141237648 | Aposematic Coloration | Warning coloration, such as that of the poison dart frog. | |
| 141237649 | Batesian Mimicry | A palatable or harmless species mimics an unpalatable or harmful one. | |
| 141237650 | Mullerian Mimicry | Two or more unpalatable species, resemble each other. | |
| 141237651 | Herbivory | Refer to a +/- interaction in which an organism eats parts of a plant or alga. | |
| 141237652 | Symbiosis | When individuals of two or more species live in direct and intimate contact with one another. | |
| 141237653 | Parasitism | Is a +/- symbiotic interaction in which one organism, the parasite, derives its nourishment from another organism, its host, which is harmed in the process. | |
| 141237654 | Endoparasites | Parasites that live within the body of their host. | |
| 141237655 | Ectoparasites | Parasites that feed on the external surface of a host. | |
| 141237656 | Mutualism | Is an interspecific interaction that benefits both species (+/+) | |
| 141237657 | Commensalism | An interaction between species that benefits one of the species but neither harms nor helps the other (+/0). | |
| 141237658 | Facilitation | Species can have positive effects (+/+ or 0/+) on the survival and reproduction of other species without necessarily living in the direct and intimate contact of symbiosis. | |
| 141237659 | Species Diversity | The variety of different kinds of organisms that make up the community. | |
| 141237660 | Species Richness | The number of different species in the community. | |
| 141237661 | Relative Abundance | The proportion each species represents of all individuals in the community. | |
| 141237662 | Invasive Species | Organisms that become established outside their native range. | |
| 141237663 | Trophic Structure | The structure and dynamics of a community also depend on the feeding relationships between organisms. | |
| 141237664 | Food Webs | Food chains that are not isolated units but are linked together. | |
| 141237665 | Energetic Hypothesis | Suggests that the length of a food chain is limited by the inefficiency of energy transfer along the chain. | |
| 141237666 | Biomass | The total mass of all individuals in a population. | |
| 141237667 | Dynamic Stability Hypothesis | Proposes that long food chains are less stable than short food chains. | |
| 141237668 | Dominant Species | Are species in a community that are the most abundant or that collectively have the highest biomass. | |
| 141237669 | Keystone Species | A species that is not necessarily abundant in a community yet exerts strong control on community structure by the nature of its ecological role or niche. | |
| 141237670 | Ecosystem Engineers | Foundation species | |
| 141596185 | Bottom-up Model | Which postulates a unidirectional influence from lower to higher trophic levels. | |
| 141596186 | Top-down Model | Postulates that predation mainly controls community organization because predators limit herbivores, herbivores limit plants, and plants limit nutrient uptake. | |
| 141596187 | Biomanipulation | An approach that applies the top-down model of community organization to alter ecosystem characteristics. | |
| 141596188 | Disturbance | An event, such as a storm, fire, flood, drought, overgrazing, or human activity, that changes a community by removing organisms from it or altering resource availability. | |
| 141596189 | Nonequilibrium model | Describes most communities as constantly changing after being affected by disturbances. | |
| 141596190 | Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis | States that moderate levels of disturbance foster greater species diversity than do low or high levels of disturbance. | |
| 141596191 | Ecological Succession | Transition in the species composition of a community following a disturbance; establishment of a community in an area virtually barren of life. | |
| 141596192 | Secondary Succession | Occurs when an existing community has been cleared by some disturbance that leaves the soil intact. | |
| 141596193 | Evapotranspiration | The total evaporation of water from an ecosystem, including water transpired by plants and evaporated from a landscape, usually measured in millimeters and estimated for a year. | |
| 141596194 | Species-area curve | The biodiversity pattern that shows that the larger the geographic area of a community is, the more species it has. | |
| 141596195 | Pathogen | An organism, virus, viroid, or prion that causes disease. | |
| 141596196 | Zoonotic Pathogens | Pathogens that are defined as those that are transferred to humans from other animals. either through direct contact with an infected animal or by means of an intermediate species. | |
| 141596197 | Vector | An organism that transmits pathogens from one host to another. |
