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chapter 5

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33877639biomesa broad, regional type of ecosystem characterized by distinctive climate and soil conditions and a distinctive kind of biological community adapted to those conditions.
33877640desertsOccur where precipitation is uncommon and slight, usually with less than 30 cm of rain per year
33877641grasslandsan enviroment where there is enough rain to suppourt grass but not enough for forests
33878281tundraa vast treeless plain in the arctic regions between the ice cap and the tree line
33879984coniferNeedle-bearing tree that produce seeds in cones
33880560southern pine forestsUnited States coniferous forest ecosystem characterized by a warm, moist climate
33880561boreal foresta broad band of mixed coniferous and deciduous trees that stretches across northern North America
33883684taigaThe northernmost edge of the boreal forest, including species-poor woodland and peat deposits; intergrading with the arctic tundra
33883685temperate rain forestforest that are characterized by a large amount of rain fall, high humidity and moderate temperature
33883686deciduoustrees that shed their leaves in the winter
33886214chaparralThick, dense, thorny evergreen shrub found in Mediterranean climates
33886215thorn scruba dry, semi-desert dominated by acacias and other spiny shrubs
33886216cloud forestsFound high in the mountains where fog and mist keep vegetation wet all the time
33886217tropical rainforeststerrestrial biome characterized by high levels of rain fall and high temperature year round
33886218tropical seasonal forestssemievergreen or partly deciduous forests tending toward open woodlands and grassy savannas dotted with scattered, drought-resistant tree species; distinct wet and dry seasons, hot year-round
33886219phytoplanktontiny, free floating, photosynthetic plants that support a marine food web
33886220benthicThe bottom surfaces of aquatic environments
33886221pelagicZones in the vertical water column of a water body
33886964coral reefsProminent oceanic features composed of hard, limy skeletons produced by coral animals; usually formed along edges of shallow, submerged ocean banks or along shelves in warm, shallow, tropical seas
33886965reefsConsist of colonies of minute, colonial animals that live symbiotically with photosynthetic algae
33886966mangrovesTrees from a number of genera that live in salt water
33886967estuariesThe lower end of a river, where it meets ocean. Saltwater and freshwater mix here.
33887578barrier islandslow, narrow, sandy islands that form offshore from a coastline
33887579thermoclineSharp temperature boundary
33887955wetlandsEcosystems of several types in which vegetation is surrounded by stand water during part of the year
33887956swampswetland with trees
33887957marsheswetlands without trees
33888091bogsan area of waterlogged soil that tends to be peaty; fed mainly by precipitation; low productivity; some bogs are acidic
33888512frensareas of waterlogged soil that tend to be peaty; fed mainly by upwelling water; low productivity

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