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| 1706112526 | Olive Branch Petition | On July 8, 1775, the colonies made a final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances (repealed the Coercive Acts, ended the taxation without representation policies). It was rejected by Parliament, which in December 1775 passed the American Prohibitory Act forbidding all further trade with the colonies. | 98765432 | |
| 1706112527 | Common Sense | a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation | 98765432 | |
| 1706112528 | The Declaration of Independence | An act of the Second Continental Congress, adopted on July 4, 1776, which declared that the Thirteen Colonies in North America were "Free and Independent States" and that "all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved." | 98765432 | |
| 1706112529 | Divided Americans | different colonies began viewing themselves as states and had self-governments even before they were officially independent of Great Britain | 98765432 | |
| 1706112530 | Articles of Confederation | this document, the nations first constitution, was adopted by the second continental congress in 1781during the revolution. the document was limited because states held most of the power, and congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage; a strong federal government was missing from this plan | 98765432 | |
| 1706112531 | Financing the War | north raised 2.6 million through state gov, bounds.(only if you made 5000 plus than you were taxed) Morill tariff, income taxed use for 1st time, $430 (most done through bonds) million were printed in greenbacks were printed that couldn't be redeemed for gold, Banking act - 1st national bank since jackson, it was a little more stable, inflation increased 80% during the war | 98765432 | |
| 1706112532 | General George Washington | He was appointed by the Second Continental Congress as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army in 1775. His ability to learn under duress and refusal to accept defeat kept an American army in the field. At the Battle of Yorktown in 1781 with French troop and naval support, he was able to entrap the British troops and force surrender. At the end of the war in 1783, he was the most famous man in America. | 98765432 | |
| 1706112533 | Foreign Assistance | money or other aid made available to help states speed up economic development or simply meet basic humanitarian needs | 98765432 | |
| 1706112534 | American Advantages | fight for home/ excellent officers/ able to utilize guerrilla warfare. received financial support from France/ hoped to protract war so British would think war was pointless | 98765432 | |
| 1706112535 | Bunker Hill | A battle that took place on the strategic point of Breed's Hill. British victory on account of the depletion of American supplies. yet gave them confidence- It pushed Americans towards a final decision for war; the first major battle of the American Revolution | 98765432 | |
| 1706112536 | Invasion of Canada | U.S. General Richard Montgomery forced the British to evacuate Montreal in 1775 and invade Canada. A second force led by Benedict Arnold invaded the land by combining an attack on Quebec; however, it was a failure in that Montgomery was killed, Benedict was shot, and one-third of the colonial troops were killed or captured. | 98765432 | |
| 1706112537 | British Take New York | Under William Howe, the British sent 32,000 soldiers to the ports of NY and claimed the city, making all the Patriots flee to NJ and PA | 98765432 | |
| 1706112538 | Britain's Strategy | attention turned from isolating New England to rich tobacco and rice growing colonies- Virginia, Carolinas and Georgia. Planned to win areas and rely on local Loyalists to hold them. Also mobilize Indian peoples against Americans and exploit racial divisions in the South | 98765432 | |
| 1706112539 | Patriot Victory at Saratoga | Turning Point in the war and led to the alliance of french and us | 98765432 | |
| 1706112540 | British Blunders | William Howe is mainly responsible for British losses during the beginning of the war | 98765432 | |
| 1706112541 | Divisions in the Iroquois Confederacy | Split of support for the British and the Americans | 98765432 | |
| 1706112542 | Militia Diplomats | Nicknamed by John Adams, the name of American representatives sent to European countries near the end of the American Revolutionary War to create trading partnerships before their ties were forever broken from Great Britain; this showed European countries that America was ready to stand on its own; caused France to help supply the Americans with war supplies. | 98765432 | |
| 1706112543 | Iroquois Confederacy | a powerful group of Native Americans in the eastern part of the United States made up of five nations: the Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondoga, and Oneida | 98765432 | |
| 1706112544 | Nathanael Greene | American general of Rhode Island, helped to turn the tide against Cornwallis and his British army at Yorktown by using the geography of land | 98765432 | |
| 1706112545 | Yorktown | in 1781 during the American Revolution the British under Cornwallis surrendered after a siege of three weeks by American and French troops | 98765432 | |
| 1706112546 | Treaty of Paris 1783 | This treaty ended the Revolutionary War, recognized the independence of the American colonies, and granted the colonies the territory from the southern border of Canada to the northern border of Florida, and from the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi River | 98765432 | |
| 1706112547 | The Loyalists' Plight | -Up to 100,000 loyalists fled the country -Many fled to England -Those who could not afford that fled to Canada | 98765432 | |
| 1706112548 | Disestablishment of the Anglican Church | During the Revolutionary War, Anglicans for the most part were recognized predominantly as Loyalists. Many people in the Revolutionary War were, therefore, against Anglicans. As a result, the Anglican Church was severely and permanently weakened because of the loss of clergymen and ministers in the fighting, as well as damage to their churches, and the sharp decrease in membership because of those who had left the country as Loyalist refugees. | 98765432 | |
| 1706112549 | African American Desire for Freedom | Slaves began being more exposed to the concept of liberty and therefore began resisting to white control | 98765432 | |
| 1706112550 | Taking Sides | 1/2 of americans were patriots, 1/5 were loyalists, the rest were neutral | 98765432 | |
| 1706112551 | Women of the Army | during Rev. War: when men went to war women stayed and worked on farms and businesses; raising children and keeping households together. helped men during the war. | 98765432 | |
| 1706112552 | Calls for Women's Rights | Judith Murray, Abigail Adams. Fought for women's rights and believed that women had equal rights to education | 98765432 | |
| 1706112553 | New Patterns of Trade | American commerce became independent from the British imperial system: - English ships no longer protected American vessels. - British imperial ports were closed to American trade. - merchants in New England and elsewhere began to develop new commercial networks in the Caribbean, South America and Asia. - trade increased in the states | 98765432 | |
| 1706112554 | Statute of Religious Liberty | An act by Thomas Jefferson in 1786 called for complete separation of church and state in Virginia. | 98765432 | |
| 1706112555 | Limited Power of the National Government | Congress has the power to conduct wars and foreign relations and to appropriate, borrow, and issue money. But it did not have power to regulate trade, draft troops, or levy taxes directly on the people. During the process of ratifying the Articles of Confederation (which required approval by all thirteen states), there were so many disagreements about this plan. - small states had insisted on equal state representation - large states wanted representation based on population. the smaller states won that issue. More important, the states claiming western lands wished to keep them, but the rest of the states demanded that all such territory be turned over to the national government. New York and Virginia had to give up their western claims before the Articles were finally approved in 1781. | 98765432 | |
| 1706112556 | Postwar Disputes with Britain and Spain | Spain fought over Florida boundary and England fought over them not leaving the country | 98765432 | |
| 1706112557 | The Ordinance of 1784 | Drafted by Thomas Jefferson. Established stages of self-government for the West. The region would be divided into districts initially governed by Congress and eventually admitted to the Union as member states. | 98765432 | |
| 1706112558 | The Ordinance of 1785 | Directed surveying of the Northwest Territory into townships of thirty-six sections (square miles) each, the sale of the sixteenth section of which was to used to finance public education | 98765432 | |
| 1706112559 | Northwest Ordinance | Enacted in 1787, it is considered one of the most significant achievements of the Articles of Confederation. It established a system for setting up governments in the western territories so they could eventually join the Union on an equal footing with the original 13 states | 98765432 | |
| 1706112560 | Battle of Fallen Timbers | The U.S. Army defeated the Native Americans under Shawnee Chief Blue Jacket and ended Native American hopes of keeping their land that lay north of the Ohio River | 98765432 | |
| 1706112561 | Treaty of Greenville | This treaty between the Americans and the Native Americans. In exchange for some goods, the Indians gave the United States territory in Ohio. Anthony Wayne was the American representative. | 98765432 | |
| 1706112562 | Postwar Depression | -the flow of money into the colonies stopped after the peace in 1763 -resulted in an economic bust | 98765432 | |
| 1706112563 | Shays's Rebellion | Rebellion led by Daniel Shays of farmers in western Massachusetts in 1786-1787, protesting mortgage foreclosures. It highlighted the need for a strong national government just as the call for the Constitutional Convention went out. | 98765432 | |
| 1706112564 | Daniel Shays | Head of Shay's Rebellion; he and several other angry farmers violently protested against debtor's jail; eventually crushed; aided in the creation of constitution because land owners now wanted to preserve what was theirs from "mobocracy" | 98765432 | |
| 1706112569 | Little Turtle | Chief of the Miami who led a Native American alliance that raided U.S. settlements in the Northwest Territory. He was defeated and forced to sign the Treaty of Greenville. Later, he became an advocate for peace | 98765432 | |
| 1706112570 | A Weak Central Government | the new federal government has specific powers, its can declare war and control business between states | 98765432 | |
| 1706112584 | Assuming the Debt | the idea that the central government should pay off the value of bonds from the war to give confidence that it could now and in the future meet its financial obligations | 98765432 | |
| 1706112590 | Indians and the Constitution | -ordinances of 1784-1787 produced series of border conflicts with the Indian tribes resisting white settlements. -the question of who controled the western lands was still unanswered. -the constitution barely mentioned the Native Americans, and did not address the the issues that would govern the white and Indian relations -so the relationship between the tribes and U.S. was determined by treaties, agreements, and judicial decisions | 98765432 | |
| 1706112603 | Tyranny | a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.) | 98765432 | |
| 1706112605 | Continental Congress | the legislative assembly composed of delegates from the rebel colonies who met during and after the American Revolution; they issued the Declaration of Independence and framed Articles of Confederation | 98765432 | |
| 1706112606 | Thomas Jefferson | 3rd President of the United States, 3rd President of the United States and chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; Virginian, architect, author, governor, and president. Lived at Monticello; Second governor of Virginia; Designed the buildings of the University of Virginia. | 98765432 | |
| 1706112607 | Sovereignty | Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states. | 98765432 | |
| 1706112608 | Loyalists (Tories) | American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence | 98765432 | |
| 1706112609 | Judith Sargent Murray | well educated daughter of wealthy massachusetts merchant. Wrote "On Equality of the Sexes". She argued men and woman had an equal capacity for memory and women had a superior imagination. She concluded that most women were inferior to men in judgement and reasoning, but only because they had not been trained. | 98765432 | |
| 1706112612 | State Constitutions | During the war, most states had their own const. to spell out the rights of citizens and set limits on the gvns. power. | 98765432 | |
| 1706112613 | Treaty with Spain of 1786 | -Spain accepted US interpretation of the Florida boundary -Americans recognized Spanish possessions in North America and accepted limits on the right of US vessels to navigate the Mississippi for 20 years | 98765432 | |
| 1706112614 | Public Domain | property rights that belong to the community at large, are unprotected by copyright or patent, and are subject to use by anyone | 98765432 | |
| 1706112615 | Tariffs | taxes on imported goods | 98765432 |
