The Earth and It's Peoples
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| 5176451239 | Republic | 507-31 b.c.e.; Roman was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate. | 0 | |
| 5176451240 | Senate | Council whose members were heads of wealthy, landowning families. | 1 | |
| 5176451241 | Patron/Client Relationship | A fundamental social relationship in ancient Rome in which the patron (wealthy) provided legal and economic assistance to clients (lesser status) and in return the clients supported the political and economic interests of the patron. | 2 | |
| 5176451242 | Principate | Roman government in the first three centuries c.e. Based on the ambiguous title princeps adopted by Augustus to conceal his military dictatorship. | 3 | |
| 5176451243 | Augustus | 63 b.c.e.-14 c.e.; honorific name of Octavian, founder of the Roman Principate (military dictatorship that replaced the failing rule of the Roman Senate) created a prosperous Roman Empire. | 4 | |
| 5176451244 | Equites | In ancient Italy, prosperous landowners second in wealth and status to the senatorial aristocracy. Roman emperors allied with this group to counterbalance the influence of the old aristocracy and used the equites to staff the imperial civil service. | 5 | |
| 5176451245 | Pax Romana | Connoted the stability and prosperity that Roman rule brought to the lands of the Roman Empire in the first two centuries c.e. The movement of people and trade goods along Roman roads and safe seas allowed for the spread of cultural practices, technologies, and religious ideas. | 6 | |
| 5176451246 | Romanization | Process by which the Latin languages and Roman culture became dominant in the western provinces of the Roman Empire. | 7 | |
| 5176451247 | Jesus | 5 b.c.e.-34 c.e.; a Jew from northern Israel who was executed as a revolutionary by the Romans. Hailed as a Messiah and son of God by his followers. Central figure in Christianity. | 8 | |
| 5176451248 | Paul | 5-65 c.e.; Jew from Anatolia who was initially persecuted the followers of Jesus, but eventually became a Christian. Preached and founded churches. Helped start process of separating Christianity from Judaism. | 9 | |
| 5176451249 | Aqueduct | A conduit, either elevated or underground, that used gravity to carry water from a source to a location-usually a city. The Romans built many aqueducts in a period of substantial urbanization. | 10 | |
| 5176451250 | Third-Century Crisis | Political, military, and economic turmoil that beset the Roman Empire during much of the third century c.e. Frequent changes of ruler, civil wars, barbarian invasions, decline of urban centers, and near-destruction of long-distance commerce. After 284 c.e. Diocletian restored order by making fundamental changes. | 11 | |
| 5176451251 | Constantine | 306-337 c.e.; Roman emperor (r. 312-337) after reuniting the Roman Empire, he moved the capital to Constantinople and made Christianity a favored religion. | 12 | |
| 5176451252 | Qin | People and state in the Wei Valley of eastern China that conquered rival states and created the first Chinese empire (221-206 b.c.e.) The ruler, Shi Huangdi, standardized many features of Chinese society and ruthlessly marshaled subjects for military and construction projects. Engaging in hostility eventually led to his death and the fall of the dynasty. Taken over by Han Empire. | 13 | |
| 5176451253 | Shi Huangdi | Founder of the Qin dynasty. Created Chinese Empire (r. 221-210 b.c.e.) ruthless conquests and forceable organization of labor. Terracotta Army is within his tomb. | 14 | |
| 5176451254 | Han | Dynasty of emperors who ruled from 202 b.c.e.-220 c.e.; ethnic Chinese people who originated in the Yellow River Valley and spread throughout regions of China suitable for agriculture. | 15 | |
| 5176451255 | Xiongnu | Confederation of nomadic peoples living beyond the northwest frontier of ancient China. | 16 | |
| 5176451256 | Gaozu | The throne name of Liu Bang, one of the rebel leaders who conquered the Qin dynasty and founded the Han dynasty in 202 b.c.e. | 17 | |
| 5176451257 | Sima Qian | Chief astrologer for the Han dynasty emperor Wu. Composed a monumental history of China from its legendary origins to his own time. aka Chinese Father of History. | 18 | |
| 5176451258 | Chang'an | City in the Wei Valley in eastern China. Became capital of the Qin and early Han Empires. | 19 | |
| 5176451259 | Gentry | Class of prosperous families, next in wealth to rural aristocrats, from which the emperors drew their administrative personnel | 20 |
