Terms : Hide Images
| 219712614 | Roman Republic | The period from 507 to 31 b.c.e. during which Rome was largely governed by aristocratic Roman Senate. | 0 | |
| 219712615 | Roman Senate | A council whose members were the heads of wealthy, landowning families. Originally an advisory body to the early kings, in the era of the Roman Republic the Senate effectively governed the Roman state and the growing empire. Under the Senate leadership, Rome conquered an empire of unprecedented extent in the lands surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. In the first century b.c.e. quarrels among powerful and ambitious senators and failureto address social and economic problems led to civil wars and the emergence of the rule of the emporers. | 1 | |
| 219712616 | patron/client relationship | In ancient Rome, a fundamental social relationship in which the patron a wealthy and powerful individual provided legal and economic protection and assistance to clients, men of lesser status and means, and in return and in return the clients supported the political careers and economic interests of their patron. | 2 | |
| 219712617 | Roman Principate | A term used to characterize Roman government in the first three centuries c.e. based on the ambiguous title princeps( first citizens) adopted by Augustus to conceal his military dictatorship. | 3 | |
| 219712618 | Augustus | Honorific name of Octavian, founder of the Roman Prinipcate, the military dictatorship that replaced the failing rule of the Roman Senate. After defeating all rivals, between 31 b.c.e. and 14 b.c.e. he laid the groundwork for several centuries of stability and prosperity in the Roman Empire. | 4 | |
| 219712619 | equites | In ancient Italy, prosperous landowners second in wealth and status to the senatorial aristocracy. The Roman emperors allied with this group to counterbalance the influence of the old aristocracy and used the equites to staff the imperial civil service. | 5 | |
| 219712620 | pax romana | Literally Roman Peace it connoted the stability and prosperity that Roman Rule brought to the lands of the Roman Empire in the first two centuries c.e. The movement of people and trade goods along the Roman roads and safe seas allowed for the spread of cultural practices, technologies, and religious ideas. | 6 | |
| 219712621 | Romanization | The process by which the Latin language and Roman culture became dominant in the western provinces of the Roman Empire. The Roman government did nto actively seek to Romanize the subject peoples, but indigenous peoples in the provinces often chose to Romanize becasue of the political and economic advantages that it brought, as well as the allure of Roman success. | 7 | |
| 219712622 | Jesus | A jew from Galilee in northern Israel who sought to reform Jewish beliefs and practices. He was executed as a the by the Roman. Hailed as the Messiah and son of God by his followers, he became central figure in Christianity, a belief system that developed in the centuries after his death. | 8 | |
| 219712623 | Paul | A jew from the Greek city of Tarsus in Anatolia, he initally persecuted the followers of Jesus but, after receiving a revelation on the road to Syrian Damascus, he became a Christian. Taking advantage of his Hellinized background and Roman citizenship, he traveled throughout Syria-Palestine, Anatolia, and Greece, preaching the new religion and establishing churches. finding his greatest success among pegans( gentiles), he began the process by which Christianity separated from Judaism. | 9 | |
| 219712624 | aqueduct | A conduit, either elevated or underground, using gravity to carry water from a source to a location- usually a city that needed it. The Romans built many aqueducts in a period of substantial urbanization. | 10 | |
| 219712625 | third-century crisis | Historians term for the political, military and economic turmoil that beset the Roman Empire during much of the third century c.e. frequent changes of the ruler, civil wars, barbarian invasians, decline of urban centers and near destruction of long distance commerce and the monetary economy.After 284 c.e. Diocletian restored order by making fundamental changes. | 11 | |
| 219712626 | Byzantine Empire | Historians name for the eastern portion of the Roman Empire from the fourth century onward, taken from "Byzantion" an early name for Constantinople, the Bzantine capital city. The empire fell to the Ottimans in 1453. | 12 | |
| 219712627 | Qin | A people and state Wei Valley of Eastern China that conquered rival states and created the first Chinese Empire. The Qin ruler, Shi Huangdi, standardized many features of Chinese society and ruthlessly marshaled subjects for military and construction projects, engendering hostility that led to the fall of the dynasty shortly after his death. The Qin framework was largely taken over by the succeeding Han Empire | 13 | |
| 219712628 | Shi Huangdi | Founder of the short-lived Qin dynasty and creator of the Chinese Empire. He is remembered for his ruthless conquests of rival states, standardization of practices, and forcible organization of labor for military and engeneering tasks. His tomb, with its army of life size terracotta soldiers, has been partially excavated. | 14 | |
| 219712629 | Han | A term used to designate the ethnic Chinese people who originated in the Yellow River Valley and spread throughout regions of China suitable for agriculture and the dynasty of emperors who ruled from 206 b.c.e. to 220 c.e. | 15 | |
| 219712630 | Chang'an | City in the Wei Valley of eastern China. It became the capital of the Qin and the early han Empires. Its main features were imitated in the cities and towns that sprang up througout the Han Empire. | 16 | |
| 219712631 | gentry | In China, the class of prosperous families, next in wealth below the rural aristocrats, from which the emperors drew their administrative personnel. Respected for their education and expertise, therse officials became privileged group and made the government more efficient and responsive than in the past. The term gentry also denotes the class of lanholding families in England below the aristocracy. | 17 |
