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| 985680538 | Axum | Ethiopian highland kingdom; replaced Meroe in first century CE; recieved strong influence from Arabian peninsula; eventually; converted to Christianity | 1 | |
| 985680539 | Ethiopia | Christian Kingdom; developed in highlands of Eastern Africa; under dynasty of King Laleibela; retained Christianity in face of Muslim expansion in elsewhere in Africa | 2 | |
| 985680540 | Silk Road | Ran from Western Africa across the mountains and steppes of Central Asia to the civilized centers of Mesopotamia in the last millennium BCE, and to Rome, the Islamic heartlands, and western Europe in the first millennium and half CE | 3 | |
| 985680541 | Sahara | Northern African desert; separates Mediterranean coast from southern Africa | 4 | |
| 985680542 | Ghana | First great state in Western Africa; dense vegetation and the impact of African diseases on domesticated animals; agriculture spread only slowly upward | 5 | |
| 985680543 | Shintoism | Religion of early Japanese culture; devotees worshiped numerous gods and spirits associated with the natural world; offerings of food and prayer were made to gods and nature spirits | 6 | |
| 985680544 | Olmec Culture | Cultural tradition that arose at San Lorenzo and La Venta in Mexico; featured irrigated agriculture, urbanism, elaborate religion, beginnings of calendrical and writing systems | 7 | |
| 985680545 | Teotihuacan | Site of classic culture in central Mexico; urban center with important religious functions; supported by intensive agriculture in surrounding regions; population as big as 200,000 | 8 | |
| 985680546 | Maya | Classic culture emerging in southern Mexico and Central America at the same time as Teotihuacan; extended over broad region; featured monumental architecture, written language, calendrical and mathematical systems; highly developed religion | 9 | |
| 985680547 | Inca | Group of clans centered at Cuzco that were able to create empire incorporating various Andean cultures; term also used for leader of empire | 10 | |
| 985680548 | Polynesian | Islands contained in a rough triangle whose points lie in Hawaii, New Zealand and Easter Island | 11 | |
| 985680549 | Herding peoples of Central Asia | Contributed toward the end of classical period; gained new contacts with established civilizations like Ch which brought changes in political organization as well as some new goals for conquest; played vital role in trade routes between east Asia and Middle East, transporting goods like silk across long disntance | 12 | |
| 985680550 | Yellow Turbans | Chinese Daoists who launched a revolt in 184 CE in China; promising golden age brought by divine magic | 13 | |
| 985680551 | Sui | Dynasty that succeeded that Han in China; emerged from strong rulers in northern China; united all of northern China and reconquered southern China | 14 | |
| 985680552 | Tang | Dynasty that succeeded the Sui in 618 CE; more stable than previous dynasty | 15 | |
| 985680553 | Rajput | Regional princes in western India; emphasized military control of their regions | 16 | |
| 985680554 | Devi | Mother goddess within Hinduism; widely spread following collapse of Guptas; encouraged new emotionalism in religious ritual | 17 | |
| 985680555 | Islam | Major world religion having its origin in 610 CE in the Arabian peninsula; meaning literally submission; based on prophecy of Muhammad | 18 | |
| 985680556 | Allah | Supreme God in strictly monotheistic Islam | 19 | |
| 985680557 | Byzantine Empire | Eastern half of Roman Empire after West collapsed; retained Mediterranean culture, mostly Greek; later lost Palestine, Syria, and Egypt to Islam; capital at Constantinople | 20 | |
| 985680558 | Justinian | Early Byzantine emperor responsible for major building in Constantinople and a codification of Roman law; his efforts to recapture some additional previously Roman territory ended in failure | 21 | |
| 985680559 | Parthinian | Parthinian empire: centered in Tigris-Euphrates region but spreading into northwestern India and to the borders of Rome's holding along the Mediterrannean | 22 | |
| 985680560 | Augustine (Saint) | Influential church father and theologian; born in Africa and ultimately bishop of Hippo in Africa; champion of Christina doctrine against various heresies and very important in the long term development of Christian thought on such issues as predestination | 23 | |
| 985680561 | Coptic | Christian sect in Egypt; later tolerated after Islamic takeover | 24 | |
| 985680562 | Bodhisattvas | Buddhist holy men; built up spiritual merits during their lifetimes; prayers even after death could aid people to achieve reflected holiness | 25 | |
| 985680563 | Mahayana | Chinese version of Buddhism; placed considerable emphasis on Buddha as a God or savior; Also known as the Greater vehicle | 26 | |
| 985680564 | Jesus of Nazareth | Prophet and teacher among Jews; believed by Christians to be Messiah; executed c. 30 CE | 27 | |
| 985680565 | Paul | One of the first Christian missionaries; moved away from insistence that adherents of the new religion follow Jewish law; use of Greek as language of Church | 28 | |
| 985680566 | Pope | Bishop of Rome; head of Christian church in western Europe | 29 | |
| 985680567 | Benedict of Nursia | Founder of monasticism in what had been the western half of the Roman empire; established Benedictine Rule in the 6th century; paralleled development of Basil's rules in Byzantine Empire | 30 | |
| 985680568 | Animism | A religious outlook that sees gods in many aspects of nature and propitiates them to help control and explain nature; typical of Mesopotamian regions | 31 |
