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| most dramatic source of moisture in indian civilization; seasonal winds in the indian ocean caused by the differences in temperature between the rapidly heating and cooling landmasses of africa and asia. | ||
| deeds of the atman in its previous incarnations; the reside of deeds performed in past and present lives that adheres to a "spirit" and determines what form it will assume in its next life cycle. | ||
| "liberation" ; hindu comcept of the spirits liberation from the endless cycle of rebirths. there are various avenues by which the spirit can distance itself from desire for the things of the world. | ||
| real name = siddhartha guatama; became "enlighted" and enunciated principles of buddhism | ||
| "Great vehicle" branch of buddhism followed in china, japan, and central asia. focus iis on reverence for buddha and for bodhisattvas, englightened persons who have postponed nirvana to help others attain enlightenment. | ||
| "way of elders" branch of buddhism. remains close to the original principles set forth by buddha; downplays the importance of gods and emphasizes austerity and the individual's search for enlightenment | ||
| evolved from vedic religon and religion of hundreds of millions in south asia. wide variety of beliefs and ritual practices that have developed in the indian subcontinent since antiquity | ||
| india's first centralized empire by chandragupta maurya; first state to unify most of the indian subcontinent; grew wealthy from taxes on agriculture, iron mining and trade routes | ||
| chandragupta's grandson engaging in military campaigns and extending bounderies of empire. preached nonviolence, morality and moderation. third rules of mauryan empire; converted to buddhism and boradcast precepts on inscribed stones and pillars - leaves earliest indian writing | ||
| vast epic choricling the events leading up to a catacylsmic battle between related kindship groups (pandavas vs. kauravas) in early india. includes bhagavad-gita | ||
| self contained episode set in the midst of events about great hero arjuna. most importatn work of indian sacred literature. dialogue between arjuna and krishna. | ||
| kingdoms of cholas, pandyas, and ceras in souther india during political fragmentations; kingdoms of southern india inhabited by speakers of dravidian language, partyl isolated; produced epics, poetry and performance arts | ||
| grew from kingdom of magadha on ganges plain and had capital at pataliputra; powerful indian state controlling most of indian subcontinent through military force and prestige as a center of sophisticated culture | ||
| relationship of ruler and subjects; state that acquires prestige and power by developing attractive cultural forms and staging elaborate public ceremonies to attract and bind subjects to the center | ||
| designation for peoples originating in south china and southeast asia who settled the malay peninsula, indonesia, and the phillipines, then spread eastward across the islands of the pacific ocean and west to madagascar; dominant people of southeast asia. | ||
| first major southeast asian center; referred to by chinese visiters and had capital at oc-eo; early complex society in southeast asia between the first and sixth centuries; centered on rice-growing region of southern vietnam, and it controlled pasage of trade across malaysian isthmus. |
