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Chapter 6 - A Tour of the Cell

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Mr. Hopkin's KIS AP Bio

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9525627Centrosomeregion where the cell's microtubules are initiated; in an animal cell, contains a pair of centrioles (function unknown)
9525628Peroxisomeorganelle with various specialized metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide
9525629Plasmodesmatachannels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells
9525630Central Vacuoleprominent organelle in older plant cells; functions include storage, breakdown of waste products, hydrolysis of macromolecules; enlargement of vacuole is major mechanism of plant growth
9525631Ribosomesparticles made of ribosomal RNA and protein, are the organelles that carry out protein synthesis
9525632Endomembrane Systemnuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, various kinds of vacuoles, and the plasma membrane
9525633VesiclesSacs made of membrane; connects membranes of the endomembrane system
9525634DetoxificationAdds hydroxyl groups to drugs, making them more soluble and easier to flush from the body
9525635GlycoproteinsProteins that have carbohydrates covalently bonded to them
9525636Golgi apparatusA center of manufacturing, warehousing, sorting, and shipping; products of ER are modified and stored and then sent to other destinations
9525637PhagocytosisEat by engulfing smaller organisms or other food particles
9525638AutophagyLysosomes use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material
9667894TonoplastMembrane surrounding vacuole
9667895PerixosomesCarry hydrogen, with special enzmes producing hydrogen peroxide H2O2 as a byproduct
9667896ActinA globular protein that makes up Microfilaments
9667897PsudopodiaCellular extensions that allow some prokaryotes to move
9667898MyosinThousands of actin filaments are arranged parallel to one another along the length of a muscle cell, interdigitated with thicker filaments made of a protein
9742661Primary Cell WallThin, Flexible wall
9742662Secondary Cell WallRigid Cell Wall, for protection
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