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| 269045518 | Compound Light Microscope (CLM) | A microscope that uses a series of lenses to see light passed through a sample | |
| 269045519 | Electron Microscope (EM) | A microscope that uses magnets to aim a beam of electrons at a sample | |
| 269045520 | Organelles | Specialized structures that carry out specific cell functions | |
| 269045521 | Nucleus | A special organelle that contains the cell's DNA, and stores information the cell needs to perform protein synthesis | |
| 269045522 | Plasma Membrane | A special boundary that surrounds the cell and controls what gets into & out of the cell | |
| 269045523 | Unicellular Organisms | Organisms made of just one cell, such as bacteria | |
| 269045524 | Selective Permeability | The ability to allow some substance to pass through, while keeping others out | |
| 269045525 | Phospholipids | The molecules that make up the plasma membrane are a special lipids | |
| 269045526 | Polar | with a charge | |
| 269045527 | Non-polar | without charge | |
| 269045528 | phospholipid bilayer | two layers of phospholipids are arranged tail-to-tail with the heads on the outside/ the head is hydrophilic and the tail is hydrophobic | |
| 269045529 | Transport Proteins | proteins that create tunnels through which are polar or big to get the bilayer can enter and leave the cell | |
| 269045530 | Diffusion | the movement of substances from an area where there is high concentration of the substance to an area where there is a lower concentration of the substance | |
| 269045531 | dynamic equilibrium | the point at which there is an equal concentration of a substance, or on both sides of the membrane | |
| 269045532 | Passive Transport | movement of substances through the plasma membrane without the use of energy energy by the cell | |
| 269045533 | concentration gradient | following the natural "flow" or tendency for things to want to move from areas where they are highly concentrated , to areas where they are less concentrated | |
| 269045534 | simple diffusion | typr of passive transport in which substances pass through the plasma membrane on their own | |
| 269045535 | facilitated diffusion | type of passive transport in which substances use a transport protein to get through the plasma membrane | |
| 269045536 | transport proteins | proteins embedded in the plasma membrane which create tunnels for certain substances to pass through the plasma membrane | |
| 269045537 | osmosis | type of passive transport in which water molecules move through the plasma membrane | |
| 269045538 | solution | liquid with other substances dissolved in it | |
| 269045539 | solvent | the liquid part of a solution | |
| 269045540 | solute | the substance dissolved in a solution | |
| 269045541 | active transport | movement of substances through the plasma membrane with the use of energy by the cell | |
| 269045542 | ATP | (Adenosine Triphosphate) the type of energy used by cells | |
| 269045543 | ADP | (Adenosine DiPhosphate) when a bond is broken between the phosphate groups, energy is released and this is the reaction of ATP | |
| 269045544 | Endocytosis | process by which the cell brings a substance in by surrounding it in a segment of the plasma membrane | |
| 269045545 | Exocytosis | the process by which a cell releases a substance by enclosing it in a vesicle, and fusing the vesicle to the plasma membrane | |
| 269045546 | protein synthesis | building proteins | |
| 269045547 | cytoplasm | the semi-fluid environment inside of a cell | |
| 269045548 | cytoskeleton | a network of fibers which create support for the cell, and anchor organisms in place inside of the cell | |
| 269045549 | nuclear envelope | a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus | |
| 269045550 | nucleolus | the site where ribosomes are made | |
| 269045551 | ribosomes | the organelles that build proteins | |
| 269045552 | endoplasmic reticulum | a folded system of membranes where proteins, lipids and carbohydrates are made | |
| 269045553 | Rough ER | the area of the ER where ribosomes are attached | |
| 269045554 | Smooth ER | the area of the ER where no ribosomes are attached | |
| 269045555 | Golgi Apparatus | a flattened sack of membranes that modifies, sorts and packages the proteins made in the rough ER | |
| 269045556 | Vesicles | sacs from the golgi apparatus | |
| 269045557 | vacuole | an area used to store food, waste and other substances needed by the cell | |
| 269045558 | Lysosomes | vesicles that contain digestive enzymes which break down food particles, waste, and worn-out organelles | |
| 269045559 | centrioles | bundles of fiber that function during cellular division | |
| 269045560 | mitochondria | organelles that make ATP energy for the cell by turning sugars into energy using the process of cellular respiration | |
| 269045561 | chloroplasts | organelles that capture light energy(from the sun) and convert it to food for the plant(glucose) through the process of photosynthesis | |
| 269045562 | Thylakoids & Chlorophyll | found in chloroplasts | |
| 269045563 | cell wall | a thick rigid network of fibers that surrounds the plasma membrane and protects the cell | |
| 275997993 | Cell Theory | 1. All living organisms are made of one or more cells 2. Cells are the basic units of structure & organization of organisms 3. All cells come from other cells | |
| 275997994 | Eukaryotic Cells | 1. Include plant and animal cells 2. have organelles 3. have nucleus 4. have a plasma membrane | |
| 275997995 | Prokaryotic Cells | 1. include unicellular organisms 2. do not have a nucleus or any other organelle 3. have a plasma membrane 4. has DNA that floats freely | |
| 275997996 | Types of Passive Transport | Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion(including transport proteins), and osmosis | |
| 275997997 | types of osmosis | isotonic, hypotonic, and hypotonic | |
| 275997998 | Isotonic | concentration of water inside & outside of the cell are the same | |
| 275997999 | Hypotonic | concentration of water outside of the cell is Higher than the concentration of water inside of the cell | |
| 275998000 | Hypertonic | concentration of water outside the cell is LOWER than the concentration of water inside the cell | |
| 275998001 | Types of Active Transport | Protein pumps, endocytosis, and exocytosis |
