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| 7839459522 | Democracy | a form of government in which power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation. | 0 | |
| 7839459523 | During the long months before the at ________ in late 1781 and the treaty that ended the war in March 1783, the army that had won the war came close to a ... | Yorktown; military takeover of the government | 1 | |
| 7839459524 | Once the war was won, the Continental Congress asked the solders to wait for ___ years | 1.5 | 2 | |
| 7839459525 | The soldiers had many reasons to complain by the sping of _____ | 1783 | 3 | |
| 7839459526 | The northern army was in _________ in __________, New York | barracks; Newburgh | 4 | |
| 7839459527 | by December 1782, they had not been... | paid in months | 5 | |
| 7839459528 | General Alexander _________ and Colonels John _______ & Matthias _____ took a petition from Newburgh to ___________ telling Congress that the soldiers resources and property had been expanded and that they were wary and disgusted by their lack of assistance from the government. Any further testing of the army's patience could have... | McDougall; Brooks; Ogden; Philadelphia; fatal attacks | 6 | |
| 7839459529 | The petition arrived at a _______ moment in Philadelphia. | crucial | 7 | |
| 7839459530 | The nation was ran by the ________ of ___________ and the government could not put a tax on imports in 1782 because... | Articles of Confederation; a few states didn't agree with it | 8 | |
| 7839459531 | Some who wanted a stronger central government used the army's petition to demand... | that the government had the right to tax | 9 | |
| 7839459532 | The ___________ led by Alexander Hamilton, explained to the army's representatives that they needed to support the move to get Congress the power to tax if they... | Federalists; ever wanted to get payed. | 10 | |
| 7839459533 | The other main faction in Congress feared... | maintaining a standing army and opposed a larger government fueled by national taxes | 11 | |
| 7839459534 | This led to _________ in Congress | deadlock | 12 | |
| 7839459535 | Some of the Army began to look up to _______ _____ as a leader, who strongly disliked Washington and had won the battle in __________ | Horatio Gates; Saratoga | 13 | |
| 7839459536 | In March 1783, Major John ____________ Jr published the first of the "_____________ ___________", calling for a meeting of the officers. | Armstrong; Newburgh Addresses | 14 | |
| 7839459537 | The Newburgh Addresses horrified ___________. In response he asked them to push back the meeting with a full report of it (implying to them that he wouldn't be there) | Washington | 15 | |
| 7839459538 | When the speech started, Washington walked in and... | attacked the Newburgh Address and the audience cheered for him and all threat of military action against Congress was over | 16 | |
| 7839459539 | In response to Washington's speech, Congress voted to give a ____-___ ________ to all the officers who had been promised a payment an passed a tax on imports to... | limp-sum payment; pay off the national debt | 17 | |
| 7839459540 | The _____________ Conspiracy was defeated | Newburgh | 18 | |
| 7839459541 | On December 4 1783, Washington gave an... | emotional farewell to his men | 19 | |
| 7839459542 | ____________ protest economic hardships and stop courts from issuing foreclosures | Regulators | 20 | |
| 7839459543 | In 1784 the influx of _______ ____ led to an economic depression | imported goods | 21 | |
| 7839459544 | Shay's Rebellion | An armed movement of debt-ridden farmers in western Massachusetts in the winter of 1786-87 who objected to the state's effort to tax them to pay off the Revolutionary War Debt. | 22 | |
| 7839459545 | In 1786, farmers in Western Massachusett's began to petition the state for... | relief from the economic hardships brought on by increase in taxes and by the postwar economic depression | 23 | |
| 7839459546 | On August 29, 1786, _____ farmers armed with clubs and muskets... | shut down the court in Northampton as it tried to hear cases | 24 | |
| 7839459547 | Commercial coastal elite, governor and legislature pass _____ ___ | Riot Act | 25 | |
| 7839459548 | The Riot Act prohibited... | 12 or more armed persons from gathering and authorized county sheriffs to kill those who disobeyed the law | 26 | |
| 7839459549 | Shea's Rebellion also led to them suspending the... | writ of habeas corpus and authorized the governor to arrest and hold without bail "any person or persons whatsoever" | 27 | |
| 7839459550 | The farmers from Shay's Rebellion were prepared to fight a 2nd time because... | they believed the Massachusetts legislature was acting like the royal governor | 28 | |
| 7839459551 | In 1867 the Regulators had decided to _________ the __________ of Massachusetts | overthrow; government | 29 | |
| 7839459552 | Then the Regulators surrounded the ___________ arsenal in _____________, dates were messed up by the different groups and it was a ___________ | federal; Springfield; failure | 30 | |
| 7839459553 | Pushed leaders to meet in _________ to create a stronger national government | Philadelphia | 31 | |
| 7839459554 | New _________ and __________created west of the original 13 states | states and territories | 32 | |
| 7839459555 | The land on the eastern side of Lake Chaplain, led to controversy between ___ ______ and ___ _________ | New York and New Hampshire | 33 | |
| 7839459556 | The controversy of Lake Chaplain led to ____________ | Vermont | 34 | |
| 7839459557 | One of the most significant accomplishments was the creation of the ___________ ________ | Northwest Territory | 35 | |
| 7839459558 | Northwest Territory was made up of... | PA, NY, CT and MA | 36 | |
| 7839459559 | Between 1784-1787 Congress set up what would become... | Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin | 37 | |
| 7839459560 | In 1785 Congress ordered for the lands of the ___________ to be _________ | Midwest; surveyed | 38 | |
| 7839459561 | Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | Legislation passed by Congress under the AOC that provided for public schools, the sale of government land and prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territories | 39 | |
| 7839459562 | White territories were growing faster in the ________ | South | 40 | |
| 7839459563 | ________ __________ explored the trans-Appalchians and found the state of _________ when it was still off limits to Whites | Daniel Boone; Kentucky | 41 | |
| 7839459564 | Boone blazed the "__________ ________" through the Cumberland Gap in the Appalchians and established _____________ | Wilderness trail; Boonesburough | 42 | |
| 7839459565 | Kentucky finally joined the Union in 1792 and Tenessee in 1796 when ___________ finally gave up it's long standing claims | Virginia | 43 | |
| 7839459566 | The land west of Georgia would eventually become the northern 2/3s of ___________ | Alabama | 44 | |
| 7839459567 | Mississippi was organized as a state since 1798, but ___________ didn't give up territorial claims until 1802 | Georgia | 45 | |
| 7839459568 | Greatest threat to the United States federal Government | The Native Americans | 46 | |
| 7839459569 | The __________ ____ that limited white immigration was gone | Proclamation Line | 47 | |
| 7839459570 | Under Joseph Brant the __________ petitioned the British authorities in Quebec and were given a... | Mohawks; large tract of land in Canada | 48 | |
| 7839459571 | The __________ were far from the only Indians who began to resist the Whites violently. The tribes held the upper hand in _____________ _____________ and ___________ | Iriquois; Northwest Territory and Kentucky | 49 | |
| 7839459572 | Treaty of Fort Stanwix | A 1784 treaty between one faction of the Iriquois and the US gov. that sought to end the violent battles over land in NY, PA and the Ohio River Valley to the west | 50 | |
| 7839459573 | Many Indians opposed the Treaty, including ___________ of the Senec and ________ ___________ | Sagoyewatha; Joseph Brant | 51 | |
| 7839459574 | After the Treaty of Fort Stanwix was signed, _________ sailed for London where he met with King George III. He sought economic help and they plotted together a resistance to the American Government | Brant | 52 | |
| 7839459575 | In 1785-86 Brant began to build an ___________ _____________ that could successfully resist the US | Indiaan Confederation | 53 | |
| 7839459576 | The Indians demeaded that white setlement ended at the ______ _____________ | Ohio River | 54 | |
| 7839459577 | The _______ were another reason for a stronger central government | The Indians | 55 | |
| 7839459578 | Many slave believed ideals like __________ and _________ should apply to them as well | freedom and liberty | 56 | |
| 7839459579 | Thomas Paine asked how Americans could complain about British Tyranny when they... | owned so many slaves | 57 | |
| 7839459580 | By the time George Washington had become president, slavery had been abolished in... | Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Vermont and dying throughout the North | 58 | |
| 7839459581 | ______ ______ had the most slaves in the North, concentrated in ___________ but also working on the _________ Valley | New York; Manhattan; Hudson | 59 | |
| 7839459582 | The Northwest Ordinance prohibited __________ in the Ohio Region | slavery | 60 | |
| 7839459583 | Inspired by the ________ __________and the __________ __________ _________ | French Revolution ; Haitian slave rebellion | 61 | |
| 7839459584 | By 1789, _/_ Blacks were free men | 1/10 | 62 | |
| 7839459585 | PA described slavery as disgraceful in 1780, but in 1808 they... | finally set up a system to free slaves | 63 | |
| 7839459586 | New York's ____________ law in 1799 and New Jersey's in 1804, with similar laws in ___________ and _________ __________ | abolition; Connecticut and Rhode Island | 64 | |
| 7839459587 | Slavery was entrenched in the ______ and the ________ wouldn't fully abolish it until 1850 | South;North | 65 | |
| 7839459588 | In Philadelphia, New York, Providence and Boston many Blacks worked on the _________ | docks | 66 | |
| 7839459589 | Thomas Brown ran for the ____________ legislature | Maryland | 67 | |
| 7839459590 | Some were "rented out" and tasted freedom while... | gaining skills | 68 | |
| 7839459591 | Some slaves were given back to ___________ _________; some sailed with ________ and resettled in... | slave masters; British; Canada, England or West Africa | 69 | |
| 7839459592 | Slave owners sought to reestablish the... | old way of life that depended on slavery | 70 | |
| 7839459593 | In __________ and __________ _________ their slave population doubled and tripled | Georgia and South Carolina | 71 | |
| 7839459594 | Slave owners encouraged slave to... | have many kids | 72 | |
| 7839459595 | Slave Owners didn't want slaves to hear the... | contagious language of freedom | 73 | |
| 7839459596 | "...another tribe , more numerous and powerful than all the rest, were growing discontented." Who is this referring to? | Women | 74 | |
| 7839459597 | Republican ____________ | Motherhood | 75 | |
| 7839459598 | white Women who supported the ____________ and gained more clout in traditionally male household duties and found more __________ __________ | revolution; personal freedom | 76 | |
| 7839459599 | Indian American women payed a high price for... | siding with the British | 77 | |
| 7839459600 | Slave women sided with the ______ | British | 78 | |
| 7839459601 | Many women who were ___________ lost their homes and had hostile neighbors | Loyalists | 79 | |
| 7839459602 | Many women sought... | divorce, postponed marriage and sought higher education | 80 | |
| 7839459603 | Republican Motherhood | The belief that women should have more rights and a better education so that they might support husbands and raise sons who would actively participate in the political affairs of a society | 81 | |
| 7839459604 | With the Articles of Confederation in control, the ________ _________ controlled how Americans could govern themselves and pay for their government. | state governments | 82 | |
| 7839459605 | The US Congress had no money and couldn't raise any... | because to raise or add any tax, all states had to agree | 83 | |
| 7839459606 | The financial crisis led to Congress not being able to create a _________ ____ and their land in the ________ was at threat from ____ ________ | strong army; Frontier; Indian attacks | 84 | |
| 7839459607 | The Annapolis Convention was made tryong to deal with... That had led to a battle over navigation rights between ________ and ________ on the Potomac River and to a boundary dispute between ___ ____ and _______ | economic rivalry between the states; Virginia and Maryland; New York and Vermont | 85 | |
| 7839459608 | Annapolis Convention | Conference of state delegates that issued a call in September 1786 for a convention to the Articles of Confederation | 86 | |
| 7839459609 | After the Annapolis Convention, Alexander Hamilton wrote to Congress... | calling for a meeting in Philadelphia about the National Government and reassessing the Articles of Confederation | 87 | |
| 7839459610 | _________ and ________ planned for the meeting to lead to a Constitutional convention. | Hamilton and Madison | 88 | |
| 7839459611 | The Constitution Convention in __________ ____ merely to propose... | Independence Hall; amendments to the Articles of Confederation | 89 | |
| 7839459612 | _______ ________ distrusted any effort to strengthen the central government and didn't send anyone to Philadelphia | Rhode Island | 90 | |
| 7839459613 | ______ ________ of Virginia was a key architect of the Constitution | James Madison | 91 | |
| 7839459614 | ________ _________, following Madison's plan, presented Virginia's Plan | Edmund Randolph | 92 | |
| 7839459615 | Virginia Plan | The first proposal put forward at the Constitutional Convention, which included 2 houses of Congress, both elected by proportional representation and a national executive and judiciary | 93 | |
| 7839459616 | Then they endorsed a resolution from Pennsylvania's Governor ________, known as Separation of Powers. | Morris | 94 | |
| 7839459617 | Separation of Powers | A core aspect of the Constitution that by which different parts of the new national government would have their authority always limited by other parts | 95 | |
| 7839459618 | Madison, Randolph and Morris were proposing the new system of __________ | Federalism | 96 | |
| 7839459619 | Federalism | A system of government in which power is clearly divided between state government and the national government | 97 | |
| 7839459620 | Larger states who wanted ________ ________ | proportional representation | 98 | |
| 7839459621 | Proportional Representation | A way of selecting representatives in Congress based on the total population of the state, as opposed to having each state receive equal size delegations for every state | 99 | |
| 7839459622 | Smaller states wanted Congress to be made up of representatives from the states themselves, so that each state had... | an equal number of votes | 100 | |
| 7839459623 | New Jersey's ________ __________ called for a Congress in which both houses would be made of delegates elected by state legislatures with an equal number in each state. | William Patterson | 101 | |
| 7839459624 | New Jersey Plan | A proposal of the News Jersey delegation to the Constitutional Convention by which both houses of Congress would be elected by states, with equal size delegations for every state | 102 | |
| 7839459625 | A compromise made by __________ ________ between the NJ Plan and the VA Plan was known as the Connecticut Plan | Roger Sherman | 103 | |
| 7839459626 | Connecticut Plan | Plan proposed for creating a national bicameral legislature in which all states would be equally represented in the Senate and proportionally represented in the House. | 104 | |
| 7839459627 | To elect the President, Madison proposed the ___________ _________ | Electoral College | 105 | |
| 7839459628 | Electoral College | A system in which each state selects presidential electors according to the number of its senators and representatives in Congress by whatever method it prefers and these electors then select the president | 106 | |
| 7839459629 | The President had the power to ____, but a _/_ vote by ________ could override it. | veto; 2/3; Congress | 107 | |
| 7839459630 | The Founders created a Supreme Court and lower courts, but left the rest to... | future generations | 108 | |
| 7839459631 | Madison knew the real divide between the northern and southern states was over _______ | slavery | 109 | |
| 7839459632 | Madison owned slaves, yet... | despised slavery | 110 | |
| 7839459633 | The Founders allowed slavery to contradict the values of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness to keep... | the Southern states content | 111 | |
| 7839459634 | The South wanted slave votes to __________ while the Northern States argued they ________ _____ | count; shouldn't count | 112 | |
| 7839459635 | Three-Fifths Clause | Another compromise from the Constitutional Convention by which slaves- though the term was never used- would be counted as 3/5s of a person for purposes of establishing a state's representation under the proportional representation plan | 113 | |
| 7839459636 | Congress couldn't tax or prohibit the slave trade until ____ | 1808 | 114 | |
| 7839459637 | Between 1787-1808 over ___,___ slaves were forcibly taken from Africa and ___,___ slaves lived in America (Implying the Europeans captured them, when in reality they were captured by other Africans) | 200,000; 400,000 | 115 | |
| 7839459638 | Each state had an obligation to return any person... | charged with a serious crime (including being a runaway slave) | 116 | |
| 7839459639 | The Founders didn't add a Bill of Rights because... | 1. Some argued it was unnecessary and most states already had their own 2. The Founders were hot and tired and didn't want to stretch this Convention out more | 117 | |
| 7839459640 | Only __ of the 55 delegates signed the Constitution initially | 38 | 118 | |
| 7839459641 | James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay wrote 85 newspaper articles supporting the Constitution known as The ________ ______ | Federalist Papers | 119 | |
| 7839459642 | Federalists | Supporters of the Constitution; those who favored its ratification | 120 | |
| 7839459643 | Antifederalists | Opponents of the Constitution; those who argued against its ratification | 121 | |
| 7839459644 | In PA the Delegates tried to be the first to ratify the Constitution to... | secure the seat of national government in Philadelphia | 122 | |
| 7839459645 | But in backcountry PA,... | Farmers were against a strong government. | 123 | |
| 7839459646 | Delaware was the... | first state to ratify the Constitution | 124 | |
| 7839459647 | New Jersey like the idea... | that taxes on imports arriving through New York Harbor would now be paid to the federal government instead of the state of New York | 125 | |
| 7839459648 | Georgia joined wanting... | immediate protection from Indian raids | 126 | |
| 7839459649 | Connecticut had a... | strong Federalist Party with large amounts of influence | 127 | |
| 7839459650 | Even though farmers from Massachusetts (in Shay's Rebellion) helped push for the Constitution, against the poor organization under the ___________ __ ___________ | Articles of Confederation | 128 | |
| 7839459651 | Many in Massachusetts didn't trust the Founders and thought they were trying to make the poor "swallow the pill." Famous Revolutionaries, like Sam Adams and John Hancock, disliked the Constitution and... | believed that the Constitution sought to solve problems that weren't serious and that the states should protect individual liberty | 129 | |
| 7839459652 | Massachusetts eventually joined, but only on the condition... | that it be amended to protect individual liberties and the state's rights | 130 | |
| 7839459653 | The ratifying convention in New Hampshire... | adjourned before without taking action and refused to attend the Constitutional Convention. | 131 | |
| 7839459654 | In Rhode Island they... | Refused to even call a Convention and voters rejected it 2,708 to 237. | 132 | |
| 7839459655 | Maryland's Convention approved the Constitution and there convention voted for 28 amendments to... | limit the power of the national government | 133 | |
| 7839459656 | South Carolina approved the Constitution and there convention voted for an amendment to... | guarantee that the states retain power | 134 | |
| 7839459657 | Though in South Carolina many Delegates feared the interest of the North and the... | limit of slaves by the National Government | 135 | |
| 7839459658 | Virginia ratified the Constitution, with support from _________ and ____________ | Madison and Washington | 136 | |
| 7839459659 | In Virginia, George Mason worried about the lack of _____ __ ______. Patrick Henry adamantly opposed the Constitution and was only loyal to Virginia and a Confederation in America. The Convention also demanded a Bill of Rights as soon as possible. Believed that the government would be dominated by... | Bill of Rights; "monarchy men" who would run the government like the UK. | 137 | |
| 7839459660 | New York had Support from Alex Hamilton and they ratified the Constitution in 1788 by a slim margin of __-__ | 30-27 | 138 | |
| 7839459661 | However NY had a long and bitter Convention debate. Many Anti Federalists in New York and they considered __Amendments, called for a second convention to _________ the ___________ and a _________ vote if it was ratified | 55; revise the Constitution; conditional | 139 | |
| 7839459662 | _________ ________ and __________ _______ finally joined the Union when they saw that the government was already functioning | North Carolina and Rhode Island | 140 |
