Terms : Hide Images
| 5084278474 | nucleolus | located in the nucleus, makes, synthesizes, and partially assembles ribosomes (rRNA is synthesized from instructions from DNA, proteins imported from cytoplasm are assembled with rRNA into subunits of ribosomes) |  | 0 |
| 5084334501 | thylakoid | a flattened, membranous sac inside a chloroplast, often exist in stacks called grana that are interconnected, membranes contain molecular "machinery" used to convert light energy to chemical energy |  | 1 |
| 5084369445 | middle lamella | In plants, a thin layer of adhesive extracellular material, primarily pectin, found between the primary walls of adjacent young cells |  | 2 |
| 5084468097 | ribosome | complexes made of ribosomal RNA and protein, are the cellular components that carry out protein synthesis |  | 3 |
| 5084499631 | secondary cell wall | wall between the plasma membrane and the primary wall, often deposited in several laminated layers, strong and durable matrix that helps with cell protection and support |  | 4 |
| 5084580767 | organelle | membrane-enclosed structures with a specialized function, suspended in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells |  | 5 |
| 5084621519 | endomembrane system | Different membranes of eukaryotic cell are part of this system: includes the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, various kind of vesicles and vacuoles, and the plasma membrane. Carries out tasks including protein synthesis, transport of proteins into membranes and organelles or out of the cell, metabolism and movement of lipids, and detoxification of poisons. |  | 6 |
| 5084668036 | stroma | fluid outside of thylakoids which contains the chloroplast DNA and ribosomes as well as many enzymes |  | 7 |
| 5084689623 | extracellular matrix (ECM) | meshwork surrounding animal cells, ingredients include glycoproteins (collagen) and other carbohydrate-containing molecules secreted and synthesized by the cells. |  | 8 |
| 5084727724 | endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | extensive network of membranes that accounts for more than half the total membrane in many eukaryotic cells, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded and ribosome-free regions |  | 9 |
| 5084782002 | cytoskeleton | a network of fibers extending throughout/bracing the cytoplasm |  | 10 |
| 5084801463 | collagen | most common glycoprotein in ECM, forms strong fibers outside the cell, found extensively in connective tissue and bone, most abundant protein in animal kingdom |  | 11 |
| 5084847389 | smooth ER | portion of ER free of ribosomes, processes include synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, detoxification of drugs and poisons, and storage of calcium ions |  | 12 |
| 5084891778 | microtubules | in eukaryotic cells, hollow rods constructed from a globular protein called tubulin, shapes and supports the cell, "compression-resisting girders of cytoskeleton", serve as tracks along which organelles equipped with motor proteins can move. |  | 13 |
| 5087090633 | proteoglycan | a large molecule consisting of a small core protein with many carbohydrate chains attached, found in extracelluar matrix of animal cells, the woven out network where collagen fibers are embedded |  | 14 |
| 5087180581 | rough ER | portion of ER with attached ribosomes, membrane factory for the cell, produces secretory proteins, keeps those separate from proteins produced by free ribosomes |  | 15 |
| 5087228940 | microfilaments (actin filaments) | thin solid rods, built from molecules of actin, role in cytoskeleton (thinnest part) is to bear tension (pulling forces) on the cell and create and support the 3D network of cell and all of its internal parts |  | 16 |
| 5087293503 | fibronectin | ECM glycoprotein that allows cells to be attached to the ECM |  | 17 |
| 5087342940 | glycoprotein | proteins with carbohydrates covalently bonded to them that play a role in cell to cell interaction |  | 18 |
| 5087372699 | integrin | cell-surface receptor protein built into the plasma membrane, in position to transmit signals between ECM and cytoskeleton and thus integrating changes occurring outside and inside the cell | 19 | |
| 5087399393 | intermediate filaments | larger than microfilaments and smaller than microtubules, only in cells of some animals (vertebrates), specialized for bearing tension with cytoskeleton, constructed from particular family of proteins from (keratins), more permanent fixture |  | 20 |
| 5087508424 | centrosome | where microtubules grow out of (often located near nucleus), has a pair of centrioles |  | 21 |
| 5087535870 | centrioles | within a centrosome, composed of 9 sets of triplet microtubules arranged in a ring |  | 22 |
| 5087562710 | plasmodesmata | an open channel through the cell wall that connects the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells, allowing water, small solutes, and some larger molecules to pass between cells |  | 23 |
| 5091821283 | cytoplasm | interior of either type of cell, in eukaryotic cells: region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane, in prokaryotic cells: within the cell membrane, organized |  | 24 |
| 5091867130 | golgi apparatus | stack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum |  | 25 |
| 5091910335 | tight junctions | intercellular junction where the plasma membranes of neighboring cells are tightly pressed against each other and bound together by a specific protein, establish a barrier that prevents leakage of extracellular fluid, especially common in epithelial tissue |  | 26 |
| 5091962829 | prokaryotic cell | cells with no nucleus or membrane bound organelles, plant cell |  | 27 |
| 5091981078 | phagocytosis | how eukaryotic cells eat by engulfing smaller organisms or food particles, |  | 28 |
| 5092007691 | flagella | microtubule-containing extensions that project from some cells, tail-like structure |  | 29 |
| 5092027628 | desmosomes | intercellular junction that functions like a rivet, fastening cells together into strong sheets, intermediate filaments made of keratin proteins anchor desmosomes, attach muscle to muscle |  | 30 |
| 5092050487 | vacuole | large vesicles from ER and golgi apparatus, transports things throughout the cell, types: food, contractile, and central |  | 31 |
| 5092074528 | cilia | microtubule-containing extensions that project from some cells, many short appendages |  | 32 |
| 5092091859 | gap junctions | provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to an adjacent cell, consists of membrane proteins that surround a pore through which ions, sugars, and amino acids may pass, necessary for communication between cells |  | 33 |
| 5092108897 | eukaryotic cell | cell with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles, animal cell |  | 34 |
| 5092120139 | contractile vacuole | vacuole that pumps excess water out of the cell, thereby maintaining a suitable concentration of ions and molecules in the cell |  | 35 |
| 5092141851 | basal body | a eukaryotic cell structure consisting of 9 sets of triplet microtubules, may organize the microtubule assembly of a cilium or flagellum and is structurally very similar to a centriole. |  | 36 |
| 5092187751 | central vacuole | in mature plant cells, largest organelle, solution inside called "cell sap" (the plant cell's main repository of inorganic ions), plays major role in growth of plant cells, holds materials and wastes |  | 37 |
| 5092210853 | dynein | large motor proteins that are attached along each outer microtubule doublet, produce the bending movements of flagella and cilia |  | 38 |
| 5092236606 | cytosol | jellylike substance where organelles and other component are suspended |  | 39 |
| 5092256167 | peroxisome | specialized metabolic compartment bounded by a single membrane, contain enzymes that remove H atoms from various substrates and transfer them to O2 (making H2O2) |  | 40 |
| 5092282920 | actin | a globular protein that makes up microfilaments |  | 41 |
| 5092292508 | plasma membrane | at boundary of every cell, selective barrier that allows passage of enough oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the entire cell, controls what enters/leaves the cell |  | 42 |
| 5092302026 | mitochondria | converts energy to forms that cells can use for work, the site of cellular respiration, chemically convert chemical (food) energy into usable ATP energy through cellular respiration |  | 43 |
| 5092314328 | chloroplast | convert energy to forms that cells can use for work, site of photosynthesis |  | 44 |
| 5092320388 | myosin | protein that makes up thousands of actin filaments and thicker filaments, cause contraction of muscles | | 45 |
| 5092337959 | nucleus | contains most of genes in eukaryotic cell, contains chromosomes |  | 46 |
| 5092348811 | pseudopodia | cellular extensions that enable a cell to crawl along a surface |  | 47 |
| 5092357950 | nuclear lamina | a netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope, lines the nuclear side of the nuclear envelope |  | 48 |
| 5092372909 | cristae | infoldings in the inner membrane of the mitochondria |  | 49 |
| 5092379727 | chromatin | loosly coiled genetic material that makes up chromosomes, a complex of proteins and DNA |  | 50 |
| 5092394512 | mitochondrial matrix | compartment of the mitochondrion, enclosed by the inner membrane, contains enzymes and mitochondrial DNA and substrates for the citric acid cycle, enzymes help with cellular respiration and making ATP |  | 51 |
| 5092409923 | cell wall | extracellular structure of plant cells, protects cell, maintains shape, and prevents excess uptake of water |  | 52 |
| 5092417515 | chromosome plastid | manufacture and store important chemical compounds used by the cell such as pigments, oils, and starches |  | 53 |
