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| 127207899 | Novum Organum | Written in 1620 by Sir Francis Bacon, this book introduced the inductive method of reasoning. | 0 | |
| 127207900 | Inductive Method | Process of making numerous observations until one feels confident in drawing generalizations and predictions from them. | 1 | |
| 127207902 | Cartesian Dualism | Descartes' theory in the 17th century, that the mind and body are completely separate and independent from each other. This idea was created to keep Christian theology safe from physical laws. "I think, therefore, I am" | 2 | |
| 127207904 | numismatics | The study of or collection of coins and currency | 3 | |
| 127207906 | Textual Criticism | Comparison of a particular text with related materials in order to establish authenticity. | 4 | |
| 127207907 | Skepticism | The disbelief in any claims of ultimate knowledge. | 5 | |
| 127207909 | "Discourse on Method" | 1637 A.D. Descartes rejected scholastic philosophy and education and advocated thought founded on a mathematical model in his book. | 6 | |
| 127207911 | Deductive Method | The idea that a conclusion follows a set of premises through reasoning. (Ex. All men are mortal. Socrates is man, so Socrates is mortal) | 7 | |
| 127207913 | Royal Society of London | A scientific society focused on mechanics and astronomy. Believed science should live dualistically with Religion. | 8 | |
| 127207915 | Paleography | The study of and deciphering of ancient forms of writing. | 9 | |
| 127207917 | "Essay Concerning Human Understanding" | John Locke, 1690. Says the human mind has no innate ideas, and that what people know is not the world, but the result of the interactions of the mind with the world. | 10 | |
| 127207919 | Francis Bacon | (1561-1626) English politician, writer. Formalized the empirical method. Novum Organum. Inductive reasoning. | 11 | |
| 127207922 | Galileo | Italian astronomer who proved Copernicus's Solar Centric Theory. | 12 | |
| 127207924 | Newton | English "Father of Physics" whose laws of gravity explained Copernicus's Solar Centric Theory. | 13 | |
| 127207926 | Vesalius | Flemish surgeon who is considered the father of modern anatomy (1514-1564). | 14 | |
| 127207927 | William Harvey | English doctor who "discovered" the circulation of the blood. | 15 | |
| 127207928 | Copernicus | Polish monk who originated the Solar Centric Theory. | 16 | |
| 127207929 | Kepler | German astronomer who traced the orbit of the planets. | 17 | |
| 127207930 | Descartes | French philosopher and mathematician. Wrote the book "Discourse on Method". | 18 | |
| 127207931 | Montaigne | French writer regarded as the originator of the modern essay (1533-1592). | 19 | |
| 127207932 | Pierre Bayle | French philosopher and skeptic. He was known as the "Father of the Enlightenment". Wrote "The Historical and Critical Dictionary". | 20 | |
| 127207933 | Baruch Spinoza | Jewish, excommunicated from temple, "Father of Skepticism", God and nature are one and the same. | 21 | |
| 127207934 | John Locke | English philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704). | 22 | |
| 127207935 | Hobbes | English materialist/political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679). | 23 | |
| 127207936 | Tycho Brahe | Danish astronomer. Discovered the supernova. Introduced new methods of atsronomy. | 24 |
