Cell structure, function and photosynthesis
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| basic units of life | ||
| named cells and observed nonliving plant material, cork | ||
| first to observe life microorganisms such as bacteria. Known as the Father of Microscopy for developing over 200 microscopes | ||
| 1)all living things are made of cells, 2)cells are basic units of structure and function of life 3)new cells come from exisiting cells | ||
| uses two lenses that can magnify with light up to 1000 times the specimens original size | ||
| Cells are transparent so scientists use this to see cell structure and watch there behavior | ||
| uses ultra-thin slices of a specimen in a vacuum to see cell structures almost 5000 times their original size | ||
| uses electrons to scan whole specimens making an image of it. Produces a nice 3-D picture. Can magnify several thousand times the original size | ||
| cells that do not have their DNA enclosed in a membrane or nucleus. Example: bacteria | ||
| cells that have their DNA enclosed in a membrane or nucleus. Examples: animal cells, plant cells, algae and fungal cells | ||
| the portion of the cell outside the nucleus and inside the cell membrane | ||
| tiny "organ" structures of the cell that have a special function | ||
| contains nearly all the cell's DNA, the coded instructions for making important molecules. Noted as being the "control center of the cell" | ||
| dense area inside the nucleus that makes ribosomes | ||
| storage sacs for water, salts, proteins, and carbs | ||
| small sacs that enclosed molecules being transported. Example: molecules leaving by way of vesicle from the ER to the golgi apparatus | ||
| sacs that contains enzymes which digest lipids, carbs, proteins into small molecules to be used by the cell. Also cleans up old nonfunctioning cell parts | ||
| a network of protein filaments that provides the shape and internal organization of the cell | ||
| made of a protein called actin providing a tough, flexible framework for the cell | ||
| hollow structures made of proteins called tubulins. Helps make centrioles, cilia and flagella | ||
| site of protein production | ||
| internal membrane system for making proteins and performing chemical reactions for lipid production and other materials for the cell | ||
| does not contain ribosomes and functions in detoxification of drugs | ||
| flattened membranes which modifies, sorts and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or release outside the cell | ||
| located in plant and algae cells. converts sunlight into chemical energy in the form of glucose | ||
| green pigment housed in the chloroplast that traps light energy | ||
| converts chemical energy (food) into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use | ||
| strong supporting layer around the membrane of plants cells. Made of cellulose. | ||
| responsible for maintaining the cell's homeostasis. made of a bilayer of lipids and is selectively permeable | ||
| describes the cell membrane has a moving two-layer "lipid" structure | ||
| part of the lipid that is "water-hating". (hydrophobic) | ||
| part of the lipid that is "water-loving" (hydrophilic) | ||
| The three main parts of a eukaryotic cell is | ||
| Movement of molecules without the use of energy | ||
| An example of passive transport | ||
| The process by which particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. | ||
| The process in which molecules that cannot directly diffuse across a membrane pass through special protein channels is called ... | ||
| Special proteins in the cell membrane that allow water to pass right through... | ||
| The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane | ||
| A solution which has the same number of dissolved particles as compared to inside a cell. | ||
| A solution which has a lower solute (dissolved particles) concentration than inside the cell. Causes the cell to swell until equilibrium is reached. | ||
| A solution which has a higher number of solutes (dissolved particles) than inside the cell. Causes the cell to shrink, losing water, until equilibrium is reached. | ||
| using energy to move molecules across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient | ||
| active transport of liquids across the cell membrane (cellular drinking) | ||
| active transport of solids across the cell membrane (cellular eating) | ||
| A blood cell placed in a salty solution would __________ because it's in a _____________ solution | ||
| moving molecules into the cell by active transport | ||
| moving molecules out of the cell by active transport | ||
| ______________ organisms have specialized cells that function in a particular way as they communicate and work with other cells. | ||
| Trachea cells sweep debris away with their cilia to keep the airway clean is an example of a type of | ||
| List the levels of cellular organization from the least to most complex | ||
| A place where signaling molecules attach that allow cells to communicate with each other. May be in the cell membrane for inside the cell. | ||
| The energy "currency" of a cell. | ||
| What does ATP stand for | ||
| ADP + P + energy produces..... | ||
| organisms that can convert light energy into chemical energy (sugars) | ||
| organisms that must obtain food by consuming other organsims | ||
| the process by which plants and algae convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of bond in carbohydrates (sugars) | ||
| Plant pigment that traps red wavelengths | ||
| Plant pigment that traps blue/violet wavelengths | ||
| The fluid part of the chloroplast | ||
| The sac-like structures of the chloroplast that contain chlorophyll | ||
| Another name for the dark reaction of photosynthesis | ||
| the step of photosynthesis that requires light | ||
| The by-product of photosynthesis | ||
| Three requirements for photosynthesis | ||
| Two products of photosynthesis | ||
| NADP+ bonds to this element and is carried over to the dark reaction to be used for energy | ||
| What compound gets split during photosynthesis and energy from the reaction causes ATP to be made from ADP + P? | ||
| What compound is required for the dark reaction (light independent) to start it's process? | ||
| Chloroplast location of the dark reaction (light independent)? | ||
| Chloroplast location of the light reaction (light dependent) | ||
| What are the three factors that affect photosynthesis | ||
| A cow, spider, mushroom and sponge are all examples of organisms classified as ____________ | ||
| A tree, plant, algae, and some micro-organsims that contain chlorophyll are all examples of organisms classified as ________________ |
