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| 5941594903 | structure of plasma membrane | selectively permeable, made up of fat molecules called phospholipids 3 carbon glycerol backbone, 2 fatty acids (saturated or unsaturated(kinked) and a negatively charged phosphate group |  | 0 |
| 5941594904 | ampipathic | have nonpolar hydrophobic region and polar hydrophillic region | 1 | |
| 5941594905 | when temperature changes | as temperatures cool, membranes switch from fluid state to solid state, temp at which membrane solidifies depends on types of lipids rich in unsaturated fatty acids are more fluid than those rich in saturated fatty acids to work properly need to be as fluid as salad oil | 2 | |
| 5941594906 | cholesterol effects on membrane | steriod cholesterol has different effects on membrane at different temperatures, at warm cholesterol restrains movement of phospholipids, at cool it maintains fluidity by preventing tight packing |  | 3 |
| 5941594907 | phosphate head | face water on inside and outside of cell |  | 4 |
| 5941594908 | glycoproteins | proteins within cell membrane with carbohydrate (sugar) attached to them |  | 5 |
| 5941594909 | peripheral proteins | bound to surface of membrane | 6 | |
| 5941594910 | integral proteins | penetrate hydrophobic core, span membrane= transmembrane proteins hydrophobic regions of integral protein constist of one or more stretches of nonpolar amino acids, often coiled into alpha helices | 7 | |
| 5941594911 | cell to cell recognition | cells ability to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another | 8 | |
| 5941594912 | membrane carbohydrates | interact with surface molecules of other cells facilitating cell-cell recognition membrane carbohydrates may be covalently bonded to lipids (glycolipids) or proteins (glycoproteins) | 9 | |
| 5941594913 | six functions of membrane proteins | transport, enzymatic activity, signal transduction, cell-cell recognition, intercellular joining, attachment to cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix (ECM) | 10 | |
| 5941594914 | things that cannot cross membrane | charged particles, large polar molecules (nucleotides, amino acids, carbohydrates) | 11 | |
| 5941594915 | things that can cross membrane | lipids, nonpolar molecules, small polar uncharged molecules water | 12 | |
| 5941594916 | water | water(exception, occurs slowly and in small quantities) integral transport proteins responsible for rapid transport of water, aquaporins | 13 | |
| 5941594917 | diffusion | movement of particles from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated molecules will continue to spread out until equil. is reached | 14 | |
| 5941594918 | concentration gradient | difference in concentration of molecules across a distance movement down C gradient is passive, does not require energy moving up is active because you need energy to make happen | 15 | |
| 5941594919 | osmosis | passive process, movement of water across membrane or con. gradient | 16 | |
| 5941594920 | water in = water out | isotonic solution |  | 17 |
| 5941594921 | water out > water in | hypotonic soltuoin, cell placed in pure water |  | 18 |
| 5941594922 | water in > water out | hypertonic solution, cell placed in salt water solution |  | 19 |
| 5941594923 | simple diffusion | energy not required to move particles across membrane water, CO2 and O2 | 20 | |
| 5941594924 | facilitated diffusion | small polar molecules and ions move down their concentration gradient integral membrane transport proteins allow for passage of particles from one side to another |  | 21 |
| 5941594925 | Active Transport | Requires ATP, molecules move from region of low concentration to high |  | 22 |
| 5941594926 | channel protiens | provide corridors that allow molecule or ion to cross membrane | | 23 |
| 5941594927 | carrier protien | undergo subtle change in shape that translocates solute binding site across membrane |  | 24 |
| 5941594928 | Na+/K+ ATPase pump | membrane protein (enzyme) reponsible for transporting sodium and potassion ions across the membrane |  | 25 |
| 5941594929 | electrochemical gradient | consists of the concentration and electrical force of particles present on both sides of cell membrane, charged particles (ions) move down their electrochemical gradients (unless they have active transport) membrane proteins like Na+/K+ can generate and maintain an electrochemical gradient by pumping an unequal number of ions across membrane all cells have negative membrane potential- defined as an unequal distribution of charged particles on both sides of membrane, more negative particles on inside of membrane than on outside this drives diffusion of ions across membrane: a chemical force (ions concentration gradient) and an electrical force (effecf of membrane potential on ions movement) | 26 | |
| 5941594930 | membrane potential | voltage difference across membrane, voltage created by differences in distribution of - and + ions across membrane | 27 | |
| 5941594931 | electrogenic pump | transport protien that generates voltage across membrane, sodium potassium pump is major electrogenic pump of animal cells, proton pump is main pump of plants, these pumps help store energy that can be used for cellular work |  | 28 |
| 5941594932 | cotransport | links the energy generated by pumping across their concentration gradient (active trasnport) with movement of another particle up its concentration gradient often 1st particle required for transport of 2nd particle symport and anitport are examples | 29 | |
| 5941594933 | endocytosis (and 3 types) | transport of large particles into cell through transport vesicles 1. phagocytosis 2. pinocytosis 3. receptor mediated |  | 30 |
| 5941594934 | phagocytosis | cell engulfs particle by wrapping pseudophoia around it and packaging it within membrane enclosed sac large enough to be classified as a vacuole. The particle is digested after vacuole fused with lysosome containing enzymes | | 31 |
| 5941594935 | pinocytosis | cell gulps droplets of extracellular fluid into tiny vesicles, not the fluid itself that is needed by the cell but the molecules dissolved in the droplet because any and all included solutes are taken into the cell its non specific in substances it transports | | 32 |
| 5941594936 | receptor mediated | regulated form of endocytosis, membrane proteins bind to specific molecules (ligands) present in extracellular fluid, ligand binding initiaites an endocytotic event that moves the material into the cell | | 33 |
| 5941594937 | exocytosis | transport of particles out of cell through transport veiscles |  | 34 |
| 5941594938 | water potential | Ψ =Ψ p+Ψ s dont worry about Ψ p at normal atmospheric pressure water will always move from an area of high water potential (more pure water) to low water potential and solute concentration are inversely related can be zero + or - adding solute to a solvent lowers the water potential of solution water potential of pure water (open to atmosphere) is 0 | 35 | |
| 5941594939 | as solute concentration increases Ψ does what | decreases | 36 | |
| 5941594940 | pressure potential Ψ p | in plant cell, pressure excerted by the rigid cell walll that limits further water uptake | 37 | |
| 5941594941 | Ψ s solute potential | effect of solute concentration, pure water at atmospheric pressure has solute potential of 0, as solute is added value of Ψ s becomes more negative this causes water potential to decrese as well | 38 | |
| 5941594942 | Ψ s= equation | -iCRT i= dissociation constant (typically 1 but always consider chemical structure of the molecule) C= concentration of solute R= 0.0821 L-atm/mol-K Temperature= degrees celcius + 273 for K | 39 | |
| 5941594943 | if a flaccid cell is placed into an environment with higher solute concentration if a flaccid cell is placed into solution with lower solute concentration | cell will lose water and become plasmolyzed cell will gain water and become turgid |  | 40 |
| 5941594944 | osmoregulation | control of solute concentrations and water balance | 41 |
