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| 749178167 | pragmatism | the attribute of accepting the facts of life and favoring practicality and literal truth | 1 | |
| 749178168 | john dewey | He was a philosopher who believed in "learning by doing" which formed the foundation of progressive education. He believed that the teachers' goal should be "education for life and that the workbench is just as important as the blackboard." | 2 | |
| 749178169 | fredrick w taylor | "efficiency expert"; mechanical engineer who wrote "principles of scientific management"; standardized tools and equipment | 3 | |
| 749178170 | muckrackers | journalists who wrote about corruption in business and politics in order to bring about reform. | 4 | |
| 749178171 | lincoln steffens | United States journalist who exposes in 1906 started an era of muckraking journalism (1866-1936), Writing for McClure's Magazine, he criticized the trend of urbanization with a series of articles under the title Shame of the Cities. | 5 | |
| 749178172 | ida tarbell | A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1904 work A History of Standard Oil. | 6 | |
| 749178173 | jacob riis | A Danish immigrant, he became a reporter who pointed out the terrible conditions of the tenement houses of the big cities where immigrants lived during the late 1800s. He wrote How The Other Half Lives in 1890. | 7 | |
| 749178174 | australian ballots | Many states introduced this secret voting, which reduced bribery | 8 | |
| 749178175 | direct primary | a primary where voters directly select the candidates who will run for office | 9 | |
| 749178176 | robert lafollette | Republican Senator from Wisconsin - ran for president under the Progressive Party - proponent of Progressivism and a vocal opponent of railroad trusts, bossism, World War I, and the League of Nations | 10 | |
| 749178177 | 17th ammendment | direct election of senators | 11 | |
| 749368660 | initiative referendum recall | Initiative: people have the right to propose a new law. Referendum: a law passed by the legislature can be reference to the people for approval/veto. Recall: the people can petition and vote to have an elected official removed from office. These all made elected officials more responsible and sensitive to the needs of the people, and part of the movement to make government more efficient and scientific. | 12 | |
| 749368661 | social welfare | governmental provision of economic assistance to persons in need | 13 | |
| 749368662 | municipal reform | Samuel M. Jones introduced a comprehensive program, which included free kindergartens, night schools, and public playgrounds. | 14 | |
| 749368663 | anthracite coal strike | Large strike by coal miners led by Miner's Union president George F. Baer | 15 | |
| 749368664 | northern securities act | Court case that established Teddy Roosevelts' reputation as a trust-buster | 16 | |
| 749368665 | elkins act | (1903) gave the Interstate Commerce Commission more power to control railroads from giving preferences to certain customers | 17 | |
| 749368666 | hepburn act | This 1906 law used the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate the maximum charge that railroads to place on shipping goods. | 18 | |
| 749368667 | newlands reclamation act | 1902 act authorizing federal funds from public land sales to pay for irrigation and land development projects, mainly in the dry Western states | 19 | |
| 749368668 | gifford pinchot | head of the U.S. Forest Servic under Roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while conserving them | 20 | |
| 749368669 | pinchot ballinger affair | A Power struggle between Gifford Pinchot and Richard Ballinger, SSecretary of the Interior. Ballinger had removed 1 million acres of forest and mineral land from the reserved list, which betrayed conservation policy. Taft supported Ballinger and dismissed Pinchot when he asked Congress to investigate the matter. The congressional committee also pardoned Ballinger. This contributed to the split of the republican party. | 21 | |
| 749368670 | payne aldrich tarrif | law passed in 1909 that significanly lowered tariffs ; produced much controversy during Taft's presidency ; split the republican party | 22 | |
| 749368671 | mann elkins act | (WT) 1910, gave right to prevent new rates if challenged in courts, communication now regulate directly by the Interstate Commerce Commission | 23 | |
| 749368672 | socialist party | Political parties formed in the unity of an international organization with a set beliefs inspired by the writings of Karl Marx. They desired economic and political philosophy favoring public or government control of property and income. Their goal was to end the capitalist system, distribute wealth more equally, and nationalize American industries | 24 | |
| 749368673 | iww | a former international labor union and radical labor movement in the United States | 25 | |
| 749368674 | bull moose party | a former political party in the United States | 26 | |
| 749368675 | new nationalism v new freedom | accepting economic concentration and using gov. to regulate it v. destroying it | 27 | |
| 749368676 | underwood tariff | Pushed through Congress by Woodrow Wilson, this 1913 tariff reduced average tariff duties by almost 15% and established a graduated income tax | 28 | |
| 749368677 | clayton antitrust act | New antitrust legislation constructed to remedy deficiencies of the Sherman Antitrust Act, namely, it's effectiveness against labor unions | 29 | |
| 749368678 | federal trade commision | A government agency established in 1914 to prevent unfair business practices and help maintain a competitive economy | 30 | |
| 749368679 | 18th ammendment | Prohibited the manufacture, sale and transport of alcoholic beverages | 31 | |
| 749368680 | w.e.b. dubois | 1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, helped create NAACP in 1910 | 32 | |
| 749368681 | alice paul | United States feminist (1885-1977) | 33 | |
| 749368682 | 19th ammendment | Gave women the right to vote | 34 | |
| 749368683 | allied powers vs central powers | Allies- Great Britain, France, Russia; Japan + Italy joined later Central Powers- Germany, Austria-Hungary; Bulgaria + Ottoman Empire joined later | 35 | |
| 749368684 | sussex pledge | A promise Germany made to America, after Wilson threatened to sever ties, to stop sinking their ships without warning. | 36 | |
| 749368685 | Russian revolution | the revolution against the Czarist government which led to the abdication of Nicholas II and the creation of a provisional government in March 1917 | 37 | |
| 749368686 | george creel | Headed the Committee on Public Information, for promoting the war effort in WWI | 38 | |
| 749368687 | schenck v us | Can limit free speech when there is a "clear and present danger" | 39 | |
| 749368688 | american expeditionary force | About 2 million Americans went to France as members of this under General John J. Pershing. Included the regular army, the National Guard, and the new larger force of volunteers and draftees and they served as individuals | 40 | |
| 749368689 | big four | Woodrow Wilson (US president), Georges Clemenceau (french premier), David Lloyd George (british prime minister), Vittorio Orlando (italian prime minister) | 41 | |
| 749368690 | henry cabot lodge | Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations | 42 | |
| 749368691 | irreconcilables | Senators who voted against the League of Nations with or without reservations | 43 | |
| 749368692 | palmer raids | A 1920 operation coordinated by Attorney General Mitchel Palmer in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organization in 32 cities | 44 | |
| 749368693 | red summer | summer of 1919 brought race riots, began in July when whites invaded a black section of Longview, Texas and burned shops and houses. It was a lash out against the growth of blacks in cities | 45 | |
| 749368694 | fordney mccumber tariff | This tariff rose the rates on imported goods in the hopes that domestic manufacturing would prosper. This prevented foreign trade, which hampered the economy since Europe could not pay its debts if it could not trade. | 46 | |
| 749368695 | bureau of the budget | Created in 1921; its primary task is to prepare the Annual Budget for presentation every January. It also controls the administration of the budget; improving it and encouraging government efficiency. | 47 | |
| 749368696 | teapot dome scandal | a government scandal involving a former United States Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in 1921 | 48 | |
| 749368697 | calvin coolidge | elected Vice President and succeeded as 30th President of the United States when Harding died in 1923 (1872-1933) | 49 | |
| 749368698 | herbert hoover | 31st President of the United States | 50 | |
| 749368699 | alfred e smith | He was the Democratic presidential candidate in the 1928 election. He was the first Catholic to be elected as a candidate. | 51 | |
| 749368700 | business prosperity | (1919-1928) boom years before the crash in 1929. Caused by Increased productivity, energy technologies and governmental policy favoring big business. | 52 | |
| 749368701 | open shop | a company whose workers are hired without regard to their membership in a labor union | 53 | |
| 749368702 | welfare capitalism | When companies provide incentives to build better relationships with employees; health insurance, safety standards, buy stock in the company | 54 | |
| 749368703 | kdka | The first commercial radio station in America (in Pittsburgh). | 55 | |
| 749368704 | lost generation | Group of writers in 1920s who shared the belief that they were lost in a greedy, materialistic world that lacked moral values and often choose to flee to Europe | 56 | |
| 749368705 | scott fitzgerald | the symbol of "the lost generation" of american writers in the 1920s. He wrote 'the great Gatsby: | 57 | |
| 749368706 | james weldon johnson | NAACP leader and Harlem Renaissance writer; he wrote poetry and, with his brother, the song "Lift Every Voice and Sing." | 58 | |
| 749368707 | modernism v fundamentalism | Modernism- a theory to adapt scientific knowledge with religion ; defense of scientifc knowledge in place of religious belief Fundamentalism- a theory that defends religion as a basis of life; unchangeable | 59 | |
| 749368708 | billy sunday | American fundamentalist minister; he used colorful language and powerful sermons to drive home the message of salvation through Jesus and to oppose radical and progressive groups. | 60 | |
| 749368709 | scopes trial | a highly publicized trial in 1925 when John Thomas Scopes violated a Tennessee state law by teaching evolution in high school | 61 | |
| 749368710 | prohibition and volstead act | 18th amendment prohibits but the Volstead tells of the punishments for drinking. It was a failure because the majority of the population believed that drinking was not that bad, even politicians violated the law | 62 | |
| 749368711 | al capone | United States gangster who terrorized Chicago during Prohibition until arrested for tax evasion (1899-1947) | 63 | |
| 749368712 | 100% americanism | The end of WWI brought about this movement which celebrated all this American and attacked all ideas and people it viewed as foreign or anti American. People were afraid that immigrant ideologies would lure Americans into radically revolting against the government. It also brought about a revival of the KKK and felt that if you were not a white Anglo Saxon protestant you needed to do your best to act like one. | 64 | |
| 749368713 | sacco and vanzetti trial | Anti-redism. Convicted 1921 of murder of Mass. paymaster and his guard. Jury and judge prejudiced because defendants were Italian, atheists, anarchist, draft dodgers, etc. Electrocuted 6 years later | 65 | |
| 749368714 | black tuesday | October 29, 1929; the day the stock market crashed. Lead to the Panic of 1929 | 66 | |
| 749368715 | income distribution | the way all the income earned in a country is divided among different groups of income earners | 67 | |
| 749368716 | buying on margin stock speculation | - People of all economic classes were buying stocks with money they didn't have - Lost everything with crash | 68 | |
| 749368717 | herbert hoover | 31st President of the United States | 69 | |
| 749368718 | hawley smoot tariff | charged a high tax for imports thereby leading to less trade between America and foreign countries along with some economic retaliation | 70 | |
| 749368719 | debt moratorium | War debts could no longer continue, it was so bad. Hooever proposed a suspension on the payment of international debts, Britain and Germany agree, but France declined. The international economy suffered from massive loan defaults. | 71 | |
| 749368720 | farm board | Created in 1929 before the crash but supported and enacted to meet the economic crisis and help farmers. Authorized to help farmers stabilize prices by temporarily holding surplus grain and cotton in storage. | 72 | |
| 749368721 | reconstruction finance cooperation | a program that provided aid to struggling banks and other institutions during the Great Depression | 73 | |
| 749368722 | boulder hoover dam | dam on the Colorado that was built as part of the public works program | 74 | |
| 749368723 | 20th ammendment | Moved the date on the day the prsident and vice president take office form march 4th to January 20th "lame duck ammendment" ratified in 1933 | 75 | |
| 749368724 | brain trust | Group of expert policy advisers who worked with FDR in the 1930s to end the great depression | 76 | |
| 749368725 | francis perkins | Roosevelt's Secretary of Labor and first woman cabinet member in U.S. history. | 77 | |
| 749368726 | glass steagal act | Granted the government the authority to curtail irresponsible bank speculation. This act created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. | 78 | |
| 749368727 | 21st ammendment | Repeal of the 18th Ammendment (prohibition) | 79 | |
| 749368728 | civilian conservation corps | Relief: (CCC) March 31, 1933; reduced poverty/unemployment, helped young men and families; young men go to rural camps for 6 months to do construction work; $1/day; intended to help youth escape cities; concerned with soil erosion, state/national parks, telephone/power lines; 40 hr weeks | 80 | |
| 749368729 | tenesee valley authority | TVA 1933, provided cheap electricity for southeast, contolled flooding, reforestation occured | 81 | |
| 749368730 | national recovery administration | Government agency that was part of the New Deal and dealt with the industrial sector of the economy. It allowed industries to create fair competition which were intended to reduce destructive competition and to help workers by setting minimum wages and maximum weekly hours. | 82 | |
| 749368731 | schechter v united states | This case took place in May 1935 when a New York company was charged with a violation of an NRA poultry code which dealt with wage-fixing and pricess. It resulted in the Supreme Court declaring the NRA unconstitutional by stating that the NRA was regulating interstate commerce a violation of federal regulation. | 83 | |
| 749368732 | securities and exchange commission | an independent federal agency that oversees the exchange of securities to protect investors | 84 | |
| 749368733 | second new deal | A new set of programs and reforms launched by FDR in 1935 | 85 |
