Terms : Hide Images
| 491001502 | diffusion | When a substance moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Due to entropy. |  | 0 |
| 491001503 | osmosis | The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. |  | 1 |
| 491001504 | dialysis | The diffusion of small solutes through a selectively permeable membrane. |  | 2 |
| 491001505 | passive transport | Transport of a substance across a cell membrane by diffusion. Going with a concentration gradient. |  | 3 |
| 491001506 | active transport | When a cell gets materials or excretes them by using its own energy, usually through ATP; going against a concentration gradient. |  | 4 |
| 491001507 | hypertonic | Describes a solution that has a greater concentration of total solute. |  | 5 |
| 491001508 | hypotonic | Describes a solution that has a lesser concentration of total solute. |  | 6 |
| 491001509 | isotonic | Describes solutions that have an equal concentration of total solutes. |  | 7 |
| 491001510 | turgor pressure | The pressure inside of a cell as a cell pushes itself against the cell wall. |  | 8 |
| 491001511 | plasmolysis | This happens when a cell shrinks inside its cell wall while the cell wall remains intact. |  | 9 |
| 491001512 | flaccid | This happens when water moves, but the amount within the cell is constant; no pressure builds. |  | 10 |
| 491001545 | turgid | A cell with a cell wall that has a reasonable amount of pressure but is healthy. |  | 11 |
| 491001513 | cytolysis | This happens when a cell swells until pressure bursts it, resulting in cell death. |  | 12 |
| 491001514 | crenation | This happens when a cell shrinks and shrivels; can result in cell death if severe. |  | 13 |
| 491001515 | water potential | The physical property predicting the direction in which water will flow, governed by solute concentration and applied pressure. |  | 14 |
| 491001516 | solute potential | This measurement has a maximum value of 0; it decreases as the concentration of a solute increases. |  | 15 |
| 491001517 | pressure potential | This measurement has a minimum value of 0 (when the solution is open to the environment); it increases as pressure increases. |  | 16 |
| 491001518 | selective permeability | A property of a plasma membrane that allows some substances to cross more easily than others. |  | 17 |
| 491001519 | amphipathic | Molecules are said to be this when it has regions that are both hydrophilic and hydrophobic. |  | 18 |
| 491001520 | fluid mosaic model | Structural model of the plasma membrane where molecules are free to move sideways within a lipid bilayer. |  | 19 |
| 491001521 | integral proteins | Transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane. |  | 20 |
| 491001522 | transmembrane proteins | Integral proteins that span the membrane. |  | 21 |
| 491001523 | peripheral proteins | The proteins of a membrane that are not embedded in the lipid bilayer; they are appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane. |  | 22 |
| 491001524 | transport | An exchange of molecules (and their kinetic energy and momentum) across the boundary between adjacent layers of a fluid or across cell membranes. |  | 23 |
| 491001525 | enzymatic activity | A protein built into the membrane with active site exposed. |  | 24 |
| 491001526 | signal transduction | A series of molecular changes that converts a signal on a target cell's surface to a specific response inside the cell. |  | 25 |
| 491001527 | cell-cell recognition | The function of membrane proteins in which some glycoproteins serve as ID tags that are recognized by membrane proteins of other cells. |  | 26 |
| 491001528 | intercellular joining | The function of membrane proteins in which membrane proteins of adjacent cells hook together, as in gap junctions or tight junctions. |  | 27 |
| 491001530 | glycolipids | Membrane carbohydrates that are covalently bonded to lipids. |  | 28 |
| 491001531 | glycoproteins | Membrane carbohydrates that are covalently bonded to proteins. |  | 29 |
| 491001536 | transport protein | A membrane protein that is responsible for moving hydrophilic substances from one side to the other. |  | 30 |
| 491001537 | channel protein | A membrane protein, specifically a transport protein, that has a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or atomic ions use as a tunnel. |  | 31 |
| 491001538 | aquaporin | A membrane protein, specifically a transport protein, that facilitates the passage of water through channel proteins. |  | 32 |
| 491001539 | carrier protein | A membrane protein, specifically a transport protein, that holds onto molecules and changes their shapes in a way that shuttles them across the membrane. |  | 33 |
| 491001540 | concentration gradient | A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance. |  | 34 |
| 491001543 | tonicity | The ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water; depends partly on concentration of nonpenetrating solutes relative to inside of cell. |  | 35 |
| 491001544 | osmoregulation | The control of water balance. |  | 36 |
| 491001547 | facilitated diffusion | Passive diffusion that is aided by transport proteins, but that does not require cellular energy. |  | 37 |
| 491001548 | membrane potential | The voltage of a plasma membrane. |  | 38 |
| 491001550 | electrochemical gradient | The combination of forces that acts on membrane potential. |  | 39 |
| 491001555 | gated channel | A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus. |  | 40 |
| 491001556 | electrogenic pump | A transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane, causing a net separation in charge. |  | 41 |
| 491001557 | proton pump | An electrogenic pump that works largely with H+ ions. |  | 42 |
| 491001558 | cotransport | The coupling of the "downhill" diffusion of one substance to the "uphill" transport of another against its own concentration gradient. |  | 43 |
| 491001559 | exocytosis | Occurs when a cell secretes certain biological molecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane. |  | 44 |
| 491001560 | endocytosis | Occurs when a cell takes in biological molecules and particulate matter by forming new vesicles from the plasma membrane. |  | 45 |
| 491001561 | phagocytosis | Process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell. |  | 46 |
| 491001562 | pinocytosis | A type of endocytosis in which the cell "gulps" droplets of fluid into tiny vesicles. |  | 47 |
| 491001563 | receptor-mediated | A type of endocytosis in which the cell acquires bulk quantities of specific substances, even though they may not be very concentrated in the extracellular fluid. |  | 48 |
| 491001564 | ligand | Any molecule that bonds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule. |  | 49 |
