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| 2404304035 | Social Influence | The ways that people are affected by the real and imagined pressures of others. Ex. Internet setting up flash mobs/ pillow fight or mass psychogenic illnesses. "monkey see, monkey do" | 0 | |
| 2404326168 | 3 forms of influence | 1. Conformity 2. Compliance 3. Obedience | 1 | |
| 2404383577 | Conformity | The tendency to change our perceptions, opinions, or behavior in ways that are consistent with group norms | 2 | |
| 2404408909 | 2 reasons why people resist to the conformity level | 1. A characteristic of individuals who have high status and seniority within a group 2. People perceive others to be more conforming than themselves. | 3 | |
| 2404903852 | Muzafer Sherif (1936) | - conducted an experiment on how norms develop in small groups. - male students sat in a dark room and asked how far did a small dot of light that appeared for 2 seconds move. The movement they thought they saw was merely an optical illusion known as the auto kinetic effect: In darkness, a stationary point of light appears to move, sometimes erratically, in various directions. -Initial estimates varied→ participants later converged on one common perception | 4 | |
| 2404938895 | Solomon Asch (1951) | - tested how people's beliefs affect the beliefs of others. -Replication of Sherif's experiment -"Which comparison line is the same length as the standard line?" -After giving correct answers, confederates posing as participants started giving incorrect answers -50% of participants conformed to the majority at least once -Visual perception can be heavily influenced by others | 5 | |
| 2404972342 | 2 reasons people conform: | 1. Informational Influence 2. Normative Influence | 6 | |
| 2404972875 | Informational Influence | Influence that produces conformity when a person believes others are correct in their judgments--people conform because they want to make good and accurate judgements of reality and assume that when others agree on something, they must be right (A need to be right) -(strongest when people are in a state of uncertainty → more likely to follow collective wisdom) Ex. Sherif's experiment- four eyes are better than two | 7 | |
| 2404978458 | Normative Influence | Influence that produces conformity when a person fears the negative social consequences of appearing deviant (leads people to conform because they fear the consequence of rejection that follows deviance) -(fear of ostracism) | 8 | |
| 2404995807 | Two types of Conformity: | 1. Private Conformity 2. Public Conformity | 9 | |
| 2404996849 | Private Conformity | The change of beliefs that occurs when a person privately accepts the position taken by others. - others cause us to change not only our overt behavior but our minds as well. AKA true acceptance/conversion | 10 | |
| 2405003419 | Public Conformity | A superficial change in overt behavior without a corresponding change of opinion that is produced by real or imagined group pressures. - People often respond to normative pressures by pretending to agree even when privately they do not. | 11 | |
| 2405079412 | Private v. Public conformity | -Sherif's experiment → Informational influence → Private conformity -Ash's experiment → Normative influence → Public conformity | 12 | |
| 2405079613 | Robert S. Baron (1996) | - had people in groups of 3- 1 participant and 2 confederates - would see a picture of a person, they would try to pick that person out of a lineup | 13 | |
| 2408741858 | Four factors that create feelings of pressure and insecurity | 1. The size of the group 2. A focus on norms 3. The presence of an ally 4. Gender | 14 | |
| 2408746075 | Group Size | Asch found that conformity increased with group size. However, beyond the presence of 3-4 others, additions to a group are subject to the law of "diminishing returns." - the more and more people express the same opinion, an individual is likely to suspect that they are acting either in "collusion" or as "spineless sheep" | 15 | |
| 2408757422 | Focus on Norms | Social norms give rise to conformity only when we know the norms and focus on them. - knowing how others are behaving in a situation is necessary for conformity, but these norms will influence us only when they are brought to our awareness, or activated | 16 | |
| 2408784646 | An ally in dissent: getting by with a little help | Asch found that the presence of a single confederate who agreed with the participant reduced conformity by almost 80% - it is more difficult for people to stand alone for their convictions than to be part of even a tiny minority -any dissent can break the spell cast by a unanimous majority and reduce the normative pressures to conform. | 17 | |
| 2408821221 | Gender differences | - sex differences depend on how comfortable people are with the experimental task - 2nd factor is the type of social situation people face. When participants think they are being observed, women conform more and men conform less than they do in a more private situation. | 18 | |
| 2408832565 | Minority influence | The process by which dissenters produce change within a group | 19 |
