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| 266910098 | 22. The Ka'aba | (A) was a group of sacred stones revered by the Bedouin tribes, each of which possessed one. *(B) was a large black rock that was housed in a central shrine in Mecca, and worshiped by all pre-Islamic Arabs. (C) represented the monotheism of the Bedouins. (D) was Allah's representative Arab priesthood. (E) was the male initiation ceremony when one formally became an adult. | 0 | |
| 266910099 | 23. The Koran or Qur'an | (A) is the book containing the holy scriptures of Zoroastrianism. (B) contained the guidelines by which a Hindu was to live. *(C) was derived from the revelations of Muhammad. (D) means, literally, "acceptance." (E) was first written in 476 C.E. | 1 | |
| 266910100 | 24. The Hadith and Shari'a | (A) were adopted, respectively, from Jewish and Christian writings. (B) were the "Pillars of Islam." *(C) were, respectively, a collection of Muhammad's saying and a law code. (D) were, respectively, a law code and a marriage manual for Muslims. (E) was a military manual to be used in war against the Western Crusaders. | 2 | |
| 266910101 | 25. The Five Pillars of Islam included all of the following EXCEPT | (A) prayer. (B) fasting during the month of Ramadan. (C) making a pilgrimage to Mecca. *(D) taking part in a jihad against the infidels. (E) give alms to the poor and unfortunate. | 3 | |
| 266910102 | 26. The theoretical purpose of the jihad was to | (A) maintain peak military readiness. (B) wage holy war against all other Muslims on the Arabian peninsula. (C) broaden Muslim hegemony throughout Africa and Europe. *(D) strive in the way of the Lord. (E) massacre all Jews and Christians. | 4 | |
| 266910103 | 27. Under the Umayyad Dynasty | (A) Ethiopia became an Islamic state. *(B) the Islmaic Arab empire expanded enormously. (C) Iraqi Shi'ite and Sunnite forces became united. (D) internal authority was strengthened by the propriety of the caliphs' behavior. (E) Constantinople was captured in 711. | 5 | |
| 266910104 | 28. During the Abbasid Dynasty | (A) the Umayyad leaders were slaughtered to the last individual, during the "Ocean of Blood" era between 1100 and 1150. *(B) a "Persian influence," reflected in the custom of having the caliph hidden from diwan members by a screen, developed. (C) Ottoman Turks were brought in and used either as peasant slaves or Sunnite priests. (D) caliphs became much more democratic. (E) the capital was moved to Damascus. | 6 | |
| 266910105 | 29. The Crusades | *(A) were due, in part, to power shifts stemming from the weakening of the Byzantine Empire after the rise of the Seljuk Turks. (B) finally determined that Muslim forces would permanently dominate the Mediterranean Sea. (C) forced Saladin to reduce his territorial claims and, finally, to accept Christianity, in order to stay in power. (D) were a period when the behavior of Christian armies was much less brutal than that of Muslim forces. (E) never reached the city of Jerusalem. | 7 | |
| 266910106 | 30. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about the Mongols? | (A) They caused great havoc and destruction throughout the Middle East. *(B) Their westward advance continued on to absorb the Cordova caliphate in Spain. (C) Over time, their upper class population became Muslim. (D) By the 14th century, their empire began to fragment. | 8 |
