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| 718601508 | Capitalism | an economic system based on open competition in a free market, in which individuals and companies own the means of production and operate for profit | |
| 718601509 | Bank of the United States | In 1791 Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton proposed the creation of this to store government funds, collect and expend government revenue, and issue common currency to serve as a national medium of exchange. Hamilton defended this institution as "necessary and proper" and therefore constitutional. Strict constructionists, like Jefferson and Madison however, believed it to be unconstitutional. | |
| 718601510 | State banks | made loans and issued money. Put too much money into circulation and this made prices rise | |
| 718601511 | BUS v. State Banks | State Banks gave out too many loans and then barely having money in its bank, the BUS was stable unlike state banks. | |
| 718601512 | "national market" | the nationwide economic system made possible by improvements in the transportation and communication network | |
| 718601513 | New England textile mills | Growth of Industrial towns Near sources of water to power spinning machines and looms. After 1815, New England's rudimentary cotton mills developed into modern factories where machines mass-produced goods. | |
| 718601514 | Lowell Girls | Young, single women from New England farms that had experience for the textile industry and were cheaper to hire than males. Lived in company-owned boardinghouses where older women acted as chaperones. | |
| 718601515 | Samuel Slater | "Father of the Factory System" in America; escaped Britain with the memorized plans for the textile machinery; put into operation the first spinning cotton thread in 1791. | |
| 718601516 | Francis Cabot Lowell | American industrialist who developed the Lowell system, a mill system that included looms that could both weave thread and spin cloth. He hired young women to live and work in his mill. | |
| 718601517 | Business cycle | alternating periods of growth and decline that the economy goes through | |
| 718601518 | Cottage Industry | An industry in which the production of goods and services is based in homes, as opposed to factories. | |
| 718601519 | Improvements in transportation | -conestoga wagon (better surfaces on which to travel) -lancaster turnpike (1st paved road in philadelphia) •used money from toll roads in order to build more roads -bridges -canals (erie canal) | |
| 718601520 | Commonwealth System | 1790s American plan of mercantilism, with a goal of increasing the "common wealth" of the society. State legislatures enacted measures to stimulate commerce and eco development. Granted charters to build infrastructure, but soon encompassed much more than transportation. | |
| 718601521 | Middle Class | In the 13 English colonies, a class that included skilled craft workers, farmers, and some tradespeople. | |
| 718601522 | Suffrage | In 1776 New Jersey, had granted suffrage to all property holders. After 1800, as Federalists and Republicans competed for votes, they challenged political custom by encouraging voting by property-owning single women and widows. Sensing a threat to the male-centered political world, in 1807 the New Jersey legislature limited voting rights to white men only. | |
| 718601523 | Marriage (patterns, sentimentalism, divorce) | marriage was more of a economic relationship, it wasn't for love it was more of a woman marrying someone rich. Marriage became more of a loving and caring for each other relationship. women were then allowed to divorce. | |
| 718601524 | Republican Motherhood | suggested that women would be responsible for raising their children to be virtuous citizens of the new American republic | |
| 718601525 | Child rearing beliefs | Child rearing was not to break a childs will through intense moral or physical pressure but to shape his or her character in preparation for the temptations in life and life in the outside world. | |
| 718601526 | Education (expansion of, Noah Webster, women) | The values transmitted within families were crucial because most education still took place within the household. Writer Noah Webster believed education should develop the American intellect. | |
| 718601527 | Growth of abolition movement | early 1800s a growing number of Americans, mostly Northerners, opposed slavery began to speak out, became known as abolitionists, it was a great reform movement that they led | |
| 718601528 | Manumission laws | In 1782, the Virginia assembly passed a manumission act, which allowed individual owners to free their slaves; and within a decade, planters had released ten thousand slaves. | |
| 718601529 | Slavery: How it promoted sectionalism | The North wasn't in favor of slavery because due to all of the factories and female workers and people going to the city to find jobs, they did't need slaves. On the other hand, the South needed slaves more due to the cotton gin. Slavery began to create difference between the South and the North. | |
| 718601530 | American Colonization Society | In 1817, influential Americans who were worried about the impact of slavery and race on so- ciety founded the American Colonization Society. Slav- ery had to end, and, members of the society argued, freed blacks had to be sent back to Africa. The society was a failure, and only freed a several hundred slaves. | |
| 718601531 | Missouri Compromise | The issue was that Missouri wanted to join the Union as a slave state, therefore unbalancing the Union so there would be more slave states then free states. The compromise set it up so that Maine joined as a free state and Missouri joined as a slave state. Congress also made a line across the southern border, 36° 30', of Missouri saying except for the state of Missouri, all states north of that line must be free states or states without slavery. | |
| 718601532 | Second Great Awakening | A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans. It also had an effect on moral movements such as prison reform, the temperance movement, and moral reasoning against slavery. | |
| 718601533 | Economic System in the North | Invested more money into manufacturing Farms were more subsistence than profit driven Climate prevented cash-crops from being profitable Less demand for slavery | |
| 718601534 | Economic System in the South | Growth of cotton + cotton gin = "King Cotton" Plantation slave system spread and grew By 1800, cotton became more important than tobacco, due to the cotton gin. | |
| 718601535 | Cotton Gin | Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. It removed seeds from cotton fibers. Now cotton could be processed quickly and cheaply. Results: more cotton is grown and more slaves are needed for more acres of cotton fields | |
| 718601536 | The American System | 1815 Madison urged Congress to develop a plan to unify the country Henry Clay's American System A strong banking system, to provide easy and abundant credit A protective tariff (20-25% normally for British goods) The Tariff of 1816 1st protective tariff A network of roads and canals Funded from tariff *President Madison vetoed the bill to give states aid for infrastructure Felt intrastate projects were unconstitutional | |
| 718601537 | Judicial Restraint | Philosophy proposing that judges should interpret the Constitution to reflect what the framers intended and what its words LITERALLY say. | |
| 718601538 | Judicial Activism | Philosophy proposing that judges should interpret the Constitution to reflect current conditions and values. | |
| 718601539 | Fletcher v Peck | 1810 - A state had tried to revoke a land grant on the grounds that it had been obtained by corruption. The Court ruled that a state cannot arbitrarily interfere with a person's property rights. Since the land grant wass a legal contract, it could not be repealed, even if corruption was involved. *Judicial review also implies to state laws. Expansion of federal power | |
| 718601540 | Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) | case in which the Supreme Court prevented the New Hampshire from changing Dartmouth's charter to make it a public institution; the Court held that the contract clause of the Constitution extended to charters and that contracts could not be invalidated by state law. The case was one of a series of Court decisions that limited states' power and promoted business interests | |
| 718601541 | Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) | the Supreme Court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. The Court's broad interpretation of the Constitution's commerce clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers. | |
| 718601542 | Rush-Bagot Treaty (1818) | Def: British and Americans agreed to limit the naval arms on the Great Lakes. The treaty placed limits on border forts. Sig: As a result of these negotiations, relations between the US and the British improved. The Canadian border became the longest unfortified boundary in the world. | |
| 718601543 | The Convention of 1818 | Drew the line between the border of the United States and Canada Peacefully settling disputes Also out the Oregon Country aside. There is an improvement if relations | |
| 718601544 | Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819 | An agreement between the US and Spain. Spain ceded East Florida to the U.S and agreed to joint posession of Oregon. | |
| 718601545 | Tallmadge Amendment | no further introduction of slaves into Missouri, all children born to slaves to become free at 25 |
