1-4: Memory as Information Processing;
5-11: Encoding: Entering Information;
12-17: Storage: Retaining Information;
18-22: Retrieval: Accessing Information;
23-30: Forgetting;
31-37: Memory as a Constructive Process;
38-46: Memory and the Brain
Terms : Hide Images
| 590192764 | Memory | 3 processes (encoding, storage, and retrieval) and 3 main components (sensory, working, and long-term memory) | |
| 590192765 | Sensory Memory | Briefly holds incoming sensory information Some info reaches working and long-term, where it's mentally represented by visual, phonological, semantic, or motor codes | |
| 590192766 | Working Memory | Processes limited amount of information and suports other cognitive functions Phonological, visuospacial, episodic, and executive components | |
| 590192767 | Long-term Memory (LTM) | Stores large amounts of information for up to one lifetime | |
| 590192768 | Effortful Processing | Involves intention and conscious attention | |
| 590192769 | Automatic Processing | Occurs without intention and requires minimal effort | |
| 590192770 | Deeper processing | Enhances memory | |
| 590192771 | Elaborate rehearsal, maintenance rehearsal | _________________ provides deeper processing than __________________ ER>MR | |
| 590192772 | Deeper Encoding | Facilitated by hierarchies, chunking, dual coding (including visual imaging), and other mnemonic devices | |
| 590192773 | Schemas | Shape how we encode information and provide an important component of expertise | |
| 590192774 | People displaying exceptional memory | Take advantage of memory principles and mnemonic devices | |
| 590192775 | Associative Memory Models | View LTM as network of associated nodes, with each node representing a concept or unit of information | |
| 590192776 | Neutral Network Models | Each piece of information in memory is represented by unique pattern of multiple nodes that are simultaneously activated throughout the brain | |
| 590192777 | Declarative Long-term Memories | Involve factual knowledge and include episodic and semantic memories | |
| 590192778 | Procedural Memory | Reflected in skills and action | |
| 590192779 | Explicit Memory | Conscious or intentional memory retrieval | |
| 590192780 | Implicit Memory | Influences our behavior without conscious awareness | |
| 590192781 | Retrieval Cues | Activate information stored in LTM Retrieval more likely with multiple, self-generated, and distinctive clues | |
| 590192782 | Flashbulb Memories | Experienced as vivid snapshots of events. We're confident of accuracy Over time, FBM become inaccurate Overall, memory accuracy and confidence are weakly to moderately related | |
| 590192783 | Encoding Specificity Principle | Memory enhanced when cues present during retrieval match cues present during encoding | |
| 590192784 | Cues may involve... | Same environment (Context-dependent memory) Same internal state (State-dependent memory) | |
| 590192785 | Mood States | Provide exception. Tend to recall stimuli congruent with current mood | |
| 590192786 | Decay Theory | Physical memory traces in LTM deteriorate with disuse over time | |
| 590192787 | Proactive Interference | Material learned in past impairs recall of newer material | |
| 590192788 | Retroactive Interference | Newly acquired material impairs ability to recall information learned earlier | |
| 590192789 | Repression | Unconscious process of motivated forgetting Suggested it may make us forget anxiety-arousing material | |
| 590192790 | Retrograde Amnesia | Memory loss for events that occurred before onset of amnesia | |
| 590192791 | Anterograde Amnesia | Memory loss for events after initial onset of amnesia | |
| 590192792 | Alzheimer's Disease | Produces both types of amnesia and is leading cause of dementia among elderly | |
| 590192793 | Infantile Amnesia | Inability to remember experiences from first few years of our lives | |
| 590192794 | Our schemas | May cause us to misremember events in ways fitting our preexisting concepts May lead us to recall events which never occurred | |
| 590192795 | Misinformation Effects | When memory is distorted by misleading post-event information | |
| 590192796 | Source Confusion | Tendency to recognize something as familiar but forgot where it was encountered A possible cause of Misinformation effects | |
| 590192797 | Vulnerability to misinformation effects is greater: | Among younger than older children When suggestive questions are asked repeatedly | |
| 590192798 | Accurate memories vs. sincerely believed false memories | Experts cannot reliably tell between children reporting _______________________ | |
| 590192799 | Psychologists debate whether... | Child abuse memories are accurate and whether the abuse, if it occurred, was forgotten through repression or other psychological processes | |
| 590192800 | Concern of possibility of false memory... | Leads many experts to urge caution in unconditionally accepting validity of recovered memories | |
| 590192801 | Sensory Memory | Depends on input from sensory systems and initial processing by cortical sensory areas | |
| 590192802 | Working Memory | Involves network of brain regions | |
| 590192803 | Frontal Lobes | Key role in performing executive functions of working memory | |
| 590192804 | Hippocampus | Helps consolidate long-term declarative memories | |
| 590192805 | Cerebral Cortex | Stores declarative memories across distributed sites | |
| 590192806 | Amygdala | Encodes emotionally arousing aspects of events | |
| 590192807 | Cerebellum | Helps form procedural memories | |
| 590192808 | Thalamus | Damage to ________ can produce severe amnesia | |
| 590192809 | As memories form... | Complex chemical and structural changes that enhance synaptic efficiency occur in neurons |
